Imprint of Gravitational Lensing by Population III Stars in Gamma Ray Burst Light Curves

Abstract

We propose a novel method to extract the imprint of gravitational lensing by Pop III stars in the light curves of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). Significant portions of GRBs can originate in hypernovae of Pop III stars and be gravitationally lensed by foreground Pop III stars or their remnants. If the lens mass is on the order of $10^2-10^3{M}_{\odot }$ and the lens redshift is greater than 10, the time delay between two lensed images of a GRB is $\approx 1$s and the image separation is $\approx 10\mu$as. Although it is difficult to resolve the two lensed images spatially with current facilities, the light curves of two images are superimposed with a delay of $\approx 1$ s. GRB light curves usually exhibit noticeable variability, where each spike is less than 1s. If a GRB is lensed, all spikes are superimposed with the same time delay. Hence, if the autocorrelation of light curve with changing time interval is calculated, it should show the resonance at the time delay of lensed images. Applying this autocorrelation method to GRB light curves which are archived as the {\it BATSE} catalogue, we demonstrate that more than half light curves can show the recognizable resonance, if they are lensed. Furthermore, in 1821 GRBs we actually find one candidate of GRB lensed by a Pop III star, which may be located at redshift 20-200. The present method is quite straightforward and therefore provides an effective tool to search for Pop III stars at redshift greater than 10. Using this method, we may find more candidates of GRBs lensed by Pop III stars in the data by the {\it Swift} satellite.

13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Testing the Possible Intrinsic Origin of the Excess of Very Strong MgII Absorbers Along GRB Lines-of-Sight
• A Search for Millilensing Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Observations of Fermi GBM
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• Fermi-GBM Observation of GRB 090717034: ${\chi }^2$ Test Confirms Evidence of Gravitational Lensing by a Supermassive Black Hole with Million Solar Mass
• Testing a Galactic Lensing Hypothesis with the Prompt Emission of GRB 221009A
• Machine Learning Identification of Gravitationally Microlensed Gamma-Ray Bursts