The Southern Galactic Plane Survey: HI Observations and Analysis

Abstract

We describe the HI component of the Southern Galactic Plane Survey (SGPS). The SGPS is a large-scale project to image at arcminute resolution the HI spectral line and 21 cm continuum emission in parts of the plane of the Milky Way. The survey covers Galactic longitudes 253 deg < l < 358 deg and latitudes |b| <1.5 deg (SGPS I), plus a first quadrant extension covering 5 deg < l < 20 deg and |b| <1.5 deg (SGPS II). The survey combines data from the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Parkes Radio Telescope for sensitivity to angular scales ranging from 2 arcminutes to several degrees. The combined data cover 325 sq-deg and have an rms sensitivity of 1.6 K. Here we describe the HI observations and data reduction in detail, and present examples from the final data products. The complete dataset is publicly available through the Australia Telescope National Facility's HI Surveys archive. This dataset provides an unprecedented view of the neutral component of interstellar hydrogen in the inner Milky Way.

26 pages, 7 figures. To appear in ApJ Supplement Series. Full resolution version at http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/nmcclure/papers/sgps_data.pdf

References in corpus (13)

• The Millennium Arecibo 21-CM Absorption Line Survey. II. Properties of the Warm and Cold Neutral Media
• The Parkes HI Survey of the Magellanic System
• Radio polarization from the inner Galaxy at arcminute resolution
• The Southern Galactic Plane Survey: The Test Region
• Southern Galactic Plane Survey Measurements of the Spatial Power Spectrum of Interstellar H I in the Inner Galaxy
• The Galactic Distribution of Large HI Shells
• Fitting Together the HI Absorption and Emission in the SGPS
• Magnetic Fields and Ionized Gas in the inner Galaxy: An Outer Scale for Turbulence and the Possible Role of HII Regions
• A Distant Extended Spiral Arm in the Fourth Quadrant of the Milky Way
• Two Large HI Shells in the Outer Galaxy near l=279 degrees
• A Neutral Hydrogen Self-Absorption Cloud in the SGPS
• HI Shells Behind the Coalsack
• Detection of HI 21 cm-line absorption in the Warm Neutral Medium and in the Outer Arm of the Galaxy

Cited by in corpus (233)

• Star Formation in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies
• The Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) Project
• EMU: Evolutionary Map of the Universe
• The VLA Galactic Plane Survey
• Science with ASKAP - the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
• The WISE Catalog of Galactic HII Regions
• GASS: The Parkes Galactic All-Sky Survey. I. Survey Description, Goals, and Initial Data Release
• ATLASGAL --- properties of a complete sample of Galactic clumps
• A Herschel [CII] Galactic plane survey I: the global distribution of ISM gas components
• Outer structure of the Galactic warp and flare: explaining the Canis Major over-density
• Considerations for a Multi-beam Multi-purpose Survey with FAST
• An improved map of the Galactic Faraday sky
• The Molonglo Galactic Plane Survey (MGPS-2): Compact Source Catalogue
• The outer scale of turbulence in the magneto-ionized Galactic interstellar medium
• Magnetically Aligned HI Fibers and the Rolling Hough Transform
• The GALFA-HI Survey: Data Release 1
• Rotation Measures of Extragalactic Sources Behind the Southern Galactic Plane: New Insights into the Large-Scale Magnetic Field of the Inner Milky Way
• The H_2O southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS): I. Techniques and H_2O maser data
• Discovery of 35 New Supernova Remnants in the Inner Galaxy
• Resolution of the Distance Ambiguity for Galactic HII Regions
• The Co-ordinated Radio and Infrared Survey for High Mass Star Formation (The CORNISH Survey) - I. Survey Design
• Triggered star formation on the borders of the Galactic HII region RCW 120
• Triggered massive-star formation on the borders of Galactic HII regions. II. Evidence for the collect and collapse process around RCW 79
• The RMS Survey: Galactic distribution of massive star formation
• ATLASGAL --- Environments of 6.7\,GHz methanol masers
• A Herschel [C II] Galactic plane survey II: CO-dark H2 in clouds
• The 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue II: Galactic longitudes 6 to 20
• ATLASGAL --- properties of compact HII regions and their natal clumps
• The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. VII. Characterizing the Properties of Massive Star-Forming Regions
• A Detailed Study of the Molecular and Atomic Gas Toward the γ-ray SNR RX J1713.7-3946: Spatial TeV γ-ray and ISM Gas Correspondence
• C${}^{+}$ detection of warm dark gas in diffuse clouds
• A New Spiral Arm of the Galaxy: The Far 3-Kpc Arm
• The Southern Galactic Plane Survey: Polarized Radio Continuum Observations and Analysis
• SEDIGISM: Structure, excitation, and dynamics of the inner Galactic interstellar medium
• New pulsar rotation measures and the Galactic magnetic field
• Cloud-cloud collision as a trigger of the high-mass star formation; a molecular line study in RCW120
• The Extended Environment of M17: A Star Formation History
• Milky Way Kinematics: Measurements at the Subcentral Point of the Fourth Quadrant
• Discovery of extended VHE γ-ray emission from the vicinity of the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1
• The RMS Survey: The Bolometric Fluxes and Luminosity Distributions of Young Massive Stars
• The Mopra Southern Galactic Plane CO Survey
• ATLASGAL - Kinematic distances and the dense gas mass distribution of the inner Galaxy
• Magnetically Dominated Strands of Cold Hydrogen in the Riegel-Crutcher Cloud
• The Three-mm Ultimate Mopra Milky Way Survey. I. Survey Overview, Initial Data Releases, and First Results
• Discovery of the radio and X-ray counterpart of TeV Gamma-ray source HESS J1731-347
• GASKAP -- The Galactic ASKAP Survey
• Enhanced small-scale Faraday rotation in the Galactic spiral arms
• The 21-SPONGE HI Absorption Survey I: Techniques and Initial Results
• The Milky Way Rotation Curve and its Vertical Derivatives Inside the Solar Circle
• ATLASGAL -- Evolutionary trends in high-mass star formation
• Finding Distant Galactic HII Regions
• The Outer Disk of the Milky Way Seen in 21-cm Absorption
• The distance and neutral environment of the massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1
• Cold and Warm Atomic Gas around the Perseus Molecular Cloud. II. The Impact of High Optical Depth on the HI Column Density Distribution and Its Implication for the HI-to-H2 Transition
• The Green Bank Telescope HII Region Discovery Survey: III. Kinematic Distances
• A joint spectro-imaging analysis of the XMM-Newton and HESS observations of the supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946
• A newly-discovered young massive star cluster at the end of the Galactic Bar
• The RMS Survey: Resolving kinematic distance ambiguities towards a sample of compact HII regions using HI absorption
• Offset between stellar spiral arms and gas arms of the Milky Way
• The SEDIGISM survey: Molecular clouds in the inner Galaxy
• First results from the Arecibo Galactic HI Survey: the disk/halo interface region in the outer Galaxy
• A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic Plane Survey. I. Overview and first results for the Galactic longitude range 28° < l < 36°
• Discovery of a Radio Supernova Remnant and Non-thermal X-rays Coincident with the TeV Source HESS J1813-178
• The HI/OH/Recombination line survey of the inner Milky Way (THOR): data release 2 and HI overview
• Infall Motions in Massive Star-Forming Regions: Results from Years 1 & 2 of the MALT90 Survey
• Modelling the HI halo of the Milky Way
• Radio and X-ray study of two multi-shell Supernova Remnants: Kes79 and G352.7-0.1
• The GALFA-HI Compact Cloud Catalog
• Three Dimensional Hydrodynamic Simulations of Multiphase Galactic Disks with Star Formation Feedback: II. Synthetic HI 21 cm Line Observations
• On the Spiral Structure of the Milky Way Galaxy
• The Galactic Faraday depth sky revisited
• The almost ubiquitous association of 6.7 GHz methanol masers with dust
• Non-thermal X-rays and interstellar gas toward the γ-ray supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946: Evidence for X-ray enhancement around CO and HI clumps
• A detailed study of non-thermal X-ray properties and interstellar gas toward the γ-ray supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946
• The MPIfR-MeerKAT Galactic Plane survey I -- System setup and early results
• An Interaction of a Magellanic Leading Arm High Velocity Cloud with the Milky Way Disk
• The ATCA HI Galactic Center Survey
• Interstellar protons in the TeV gamma-ray SNR HESS J1731-347:Possible evidence for the coexistence of hadronic and leptonic gamma-rays
• A deep spectromorphological study of the $\gamma$-ray emission surrounding the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1
• MAGMO: Coherent magnetic fields in the star forming regions of the Carina-Sagittarius spiral arm tangent
• SPLASH: The Southern Parkes Large-Area Survey in Hydroxyl - First Science from the Pilot Region
• A search for new supernova remnant shells in the Galactic plane with H.E.S.S
• Supershells as Molecular Cloud Factories: Parsec Resolution Observations of HI and 12CO(J=1-0) in GSH 287+04-17 and GSH 277+00+36
• Constraints on the distance to SGR 1806-20 from HI absorption
• The Carina Nebula and Gum 31 molecular complex: I. Molecular gas distribution, column densities and dust temperatures
• The Mopra Southern Galactic Plane CO Survey - Data Release 3
• The (Re-)Discovery of G350.1-0.3: A Young, Luminous Supernova Remnant and Its Neutron Star
• Continuum sources from the THOR survey between 1 and 2 GHz
• ISM gas studies towards the TeV PWN HESS J1825-137 and northern region
• Distances of the TeV SNR complex CTB 37 towards the Galactic Bar
• A Chandra Observation of Supernova Remnant G350.1-0.3 and Its Central Compact Object
• High Resolution X-ray Observations of the Pulsar Wind Nebula Associated with the Gamma-ray Source HESSJ1640-465
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of Magnetized Superbubbles: New Insights into the Importance of MHD Effects on Observed Quantities
• GASKAP-HI Pilot Survey Science I: ASKAP Zoom Observations of HI Emission in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• No Excess of RR Lyrae Stars in the Canis Major Overdensity
• Can Ejecta-Dominated Supernova Remnants be Typed from their X-ray Spectra? The Case of G337.2-0.7
• A detailed study of the interstellar protons toward the TeV $\gamma$-ray SNR RX J0852.0$-$4622 (G266.2$-$1.2, Vela Jr.); a third case of the $\gamma$-rays and ISM spatial correspondence
• A new near-IR window of low extinction in the Galactic plane
• FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope (FUGIN) : Molecular clouds toward W33 ; possible evidence for a cloud-cloud collision triggering O star formation
• A Smoking Gun in the Carina Nebula
• The history of dynamics and stellar feedback revealed by the HI filamentary structure in the disk of the Milky Way
• Dust-to-gas ratio, $X_{\mathrm{CO}}$ factor and CO-dark gas in the Galactic anticentre: an observational study
• DHIGLS: DRAO H I Intermediate Galactic Latitude Survey
• 3 to 12 millimetre studies of dense gas towards the western rim of supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946
• Origin and z-distribution of Galactic diffuse [CII] emission
• The Galactic dynamics revealed by the filamentary structure in atomic hydrogen emission
• On the Distance and Molecular Environment of Westerlund 2 and HESS J1023-575
• HI Clouds in the Lower Halo: I. The Galactic All-Sky Survey Pilot Region
• The Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey: Polarimetry of the Southern Sky from 300 to 480 MHz
• Detection of two TeV shell-type remnants at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT: HESS J1731-347 and SN 1006
• A Detailed Observational Study of Molecular Loops 1 and 2 in the Galactic Center
• Synthetic CO, H2 and HI surveys of the Galactic 2nd Quadrant, and the properties of molecular gas
• Deeper Chandra Follow-up of Cygnus TeV Source Perpetuates Mystery
• Self-absorption in [CII], ${}^{12}$CO, and HI in RCW120. Building up a geometrical and physical model of the region
• The Mopra Southern Galactic Plane CO Survey - Data Release 1
• Using rotation measure grids to detect cosmological magnetic fields -- a Bayesian approach
• The "Carina Flare" Supershell: Probing the Atomic and Molecular ISM in a Galactic Chimney
• Properties of massive star-forming clumps with infall motions
• MALT-45: A 7 mm survey of the southern Galaxy - I. Techniques and spectral line data
• Neutral Hydrogen Absorption Toward XTE J1810-197: the Distance to a Radio-Emitting Magnetar
• The Metal-enriched Thermal Composite Supernova Remnant Kesteven 41 (G337.8-0.1) in a Molecular Environment
• Physical properties of CO-dark molecular gas traced by C${}^{+}$
• Probing The Local Environment of the Supernova Remnant HESS J1731-347 with CO and CS Observations
• Discovery of Pulsed OH Maser Emission Stimulated by a Pulsar
• Pursuing the origin of the gamma rays in RX J1713.7$-$3946 quantifying the hadronic and leptonic components
• Revisiting the relativistic ejection event in XTE J1550-564 during the 1998 outburst
• High resolution HI and radio continuum observations of the SNR G290.1-0.8
• Calibrating the HISA temperature: Measuring the temperature of the Riegel-Crutcher cloud
• The Radio Emission, X-ray Emission, and Hydrodynamics of G328.4+0.2: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Luminous Pulsar Wind Nebula, its Neutron Star, and the Progenitor Supernova Explosion
• Extended Carbon Line Emission in the Galaxy: Searching for Dark Molecular Gas along the G328 Sightline
• The Three-mm Ultimate Mopra Milky Way Survey. II. Cloud and Star Formation Near the Filamentary Ministarburst RCW 106
• The environs of the HII region Gum31
• Supernova Remnant Kes 17: Efficient Cosmic Ray Accelerator inside a Molecular Cloud
• Aligned Molecular Clouds towards SS433 and L=348.5 degrees; Possible Evidence for Galactic "Vapor Trail" Created by Relativistic Jet
• An Old Supernova Remnant within an HII Complex at l {\approx} 173{\circ}: FVW 172.8+1.5
• Evidence of 100 TeV $\gamma$-ray emission from HESS J1702-420: A new PeVatron candidate
• Detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from the vicinity of PSR B1706-44 and G343.1-2.3 with H.E.S.S
• Analysis of GeV-band gamma-ray emission from SNR RX J1713.7-3946
• A peculiar jet and arc of molecular gas toward the rich and young stellar cluster Westerlund 2 and a TeV gamma ray source
• Velocity structure of the 50 pc-long NGC 6334 filamentary cloud: Hints of multiple compressions and their impact on the cloud properties?
• Molecular envelope around the HII region RCW 120
• The Southern HII Region Discovery Survey I: The Bright Catalog
• GASKAP Pilot Survey Science II: ASKAP Zoom Observations of Galactic 21-cm Absorption
• Interstellar gas towards the TeV gamma-ray sources HESS J1640-465 and HESS J1641-463
• An Atomic and Molecular Study of the Interstellar Medium Around the SNR RCW 103
• HI Absorption Toward HII Regions at Small Galactic Longitudes
• A Survey for Hydroxyl in the THOR Pilot Region around W43
• Unveiling the origin of HESS J1809-193
• Interstellar gas towards CTB 37A and the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1714-385
• Milky Way Kinematics. II. A uniform inner Galaxy HI terminal velocity curve
• The Carina Nebula and Gum 31 molecular complex: II. The distribution of the atomic gas revealed in unprecedented detail
• The Co-Ordinated Radio and Infrared Survey for High-Mass Star Formation. V. The CORNISH-South Survey and Catalogue
• Dense molecular gas at 12 mm towards Galactic TeV gamma-ray sources
• A multi-wavelength study of the unidentified TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1626-490
• Discovery of Molecular Loop 3 in the Galactic Center: Evidence for a Positive-Velocity Magnetically Floated Loop towards $L=355^{\circ }-359^{\circ }$
• A Kpc Scale Molecular Wave in the Inner Galaxy: Feather of the Milky Way?
• Characteristics of supernova remnant G351.7+0.8 and a distance argument against its association with PSR J1721-3532
• A "Missing" Supernova Remnant revealed by the 21-cm Line of Atomic Hydrogen
• Discovery of a Wind-Blown Bubble Associated with the Supernova Remnant G346.6-0.2: A Hint for the Origin of Recombining Plasma
• An extreme particle accelerator in the Galactic plane: HESS J1826$-$130
• A Synthetic 21-cm Galactic Plane Survey of an SPH Galaxy Simulation
• A hadronic scenario for HESS J1818-154
• A Morphological Study of the Supernova Remnant RX J0852.0-4622 (Vela Jr.)
• On the origin of the jet-like radio/X-ray morphology of G290.1-0.8
• Molecular and Atomic Gas toward HESS J1745-303 in the Galactic Center: Further Support for the Hadronic Scenario
• G332.5-5.6, a new Galactic supernova remnant
• Connecting the ISM to TeV PWNe and PWNe candidates
• Catalogue of 12CO(J=1-0) and 13CO(J=1-0) Molecular Clouds in the Carina Flare Supershell
• Extending the view of ArH+ chemistry in diffuse clouds
• The Southern HII Region Discovery Survey (SHRDS): Pilot Survey
• Peering into the Milky Way by FAST: I. Exquisite HI structures in the inner Galactic disk from the piggyback line observations of the FAST GPPS survey
• A Complete Atlas of HI Absorption toward HII Regions in the Southern Galactic Plane Survey (SGPS1)
• A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey X. Galactic HII region catalog using radio recombination lines
• Multiwavelength constraints on the unidentified Galactic TeV sources HESS J1427$-$608, HESS J1458$-$608, and new VHE $\gamma$-ray source candidates
• On the Diagnostic Power of FIR/Sub-mm SED Fitting in Massive Galactic Molecular Clumps
• Searching for an interstellar medium association for HESS J1534-571
• Charge Exchange X-ray Emission Detected in Multiple Shells of Supernova Remnant G296.1-0.5
• Molecular and atomic gas in the young TeV γ-ray SNRs RX J1713.7-3946 and RX J0852.0-4622; evidence for the hadronic production of γ-rays
• The environment of the gamma-ray emitting SNR G338.3-0.0: a hadronic interpretation for HESS J1640-465
• ALMA hints at the existence of an unseen reservoir of diffuse molecular gas in the Galactic bulge
• The Carbon Inventory in a Quiescent, Filamentary Molecular Cloud in G328
• The jet and arc molecular clouds toward Westerlund 2, RCW 49, and HESS J1023-575; 12CO and 13CO (J=2-1 and J=1-0) observations with NANTEN2 and Mopra Telescope
• Spatially resolved spectroscopy of nonthermal X-rays in RX J1713.7-3946 with Chandra
• Exploring the supernova remnant G308.4-1.4
• Multi-wavelength analysis of the Galactic supernova remnant MSH 11-61A
• Parallax-based Distances to Galactic Hii Regions: Nearby Spiral Structure
• C IV Emission-line Detection of the Supernova Remnant RCW 114
• Element Stratification in the Middle-Aged Type Ia Supernova Remnant G344.7-0.1
• Probing galaxy evolution through HI 21-cm emission and absorption: current status and prospects with the Square Kilometre Array
• GCN: a gaseous Galactic halo stream?
• Unveiling the molecular environment of the ring nebula RCW 78
• Gum 48d: an evolved HII region with ongoing star formation
• Exploring the Interstellar Medium Using an Asymmetric X-ray Dust Scattering Halo
• Confirmation of G6.31+0.54 as a part of a Galactic supernova remnant
• Multiwavelength studies of G298.6$-$0.0: An old GeV supernova remnant interacting with molecular clouds
• Kinematic Distance of Galactic Planetary Nebulae
• The kinematic distances of SNR G16.7+0.1 and G15.9+0.2 by analyzing HI absorption spectra
• Massive Stellar Content of the Galactic Supershell GSH 305+01-24
• Pilot Observations for MALT-45: A Galactic Plane Survey at 7mm
• The SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey extended source catalogue
• A study of the interstellar medium towards the unidentified dark TeV $\gamma$-ray sources HESS J1614-518 and HESS J1616-508
• A complete radio study of SNR G15.4+0.1 from new GMRT observations
• Astrophysics in 2005
• Thermal Pressure in Diffuse H2 Gas Measured by Herschel [C II] Emission and FUSE UV H2 Absorption
• ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy. X. Observations of atomic carbon at 492 GHz
• Magnetic fields in the Southern Galactic Plane Survey
• The G332 molecular cloud ring: I. Morphology and physical characteristics
• An HI interstellar bubble surrounding WR85 and RCW118
• Molecular environment of the thermal composite supernova remnant G352.7$-$0.1
• MIRIS Paα Galactic Plane Survey. I. Comparison with IPHAS Hα in l = 96°-116°
• The embedded clusters DBS 77, 78, 102, and 160-161 and their link with the interstellar medium
• SCORPIO-II: Spectral indices of weak Galactic radio sources
• High Resolution Observations of HI in the IC 63 Reflection Nebula
• Physical characterization of S169: A prototypical IR bubble associated with the massive star-forming region IRAS12326-6245
• Constraining leptonic emission scenarios for the PeVatron candidate HESS J1702-420 with deep XMM-Newton observations
• High spin temperatures at large impact parameters: Ionisation in the outskirts of galaxies
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of the Formation of Molecular Clouds toward the Stellar Cluster Westerlund 2: Interaction of a Jet with Clumpy Interstellar Medium
• Narrow-line HI and cold structures in the ISM
• Multifrequency study of the ring nebula SG13
• GSH 91.5+2-114: A large HI shell in the outer part of the Galaxy
• Arc-minute-scale studies of the interstellar gas towards HESSJ1804$-$216: Still an unidentified TeV $\gamma$-ray source
• OGHReS: Star formation in the Outer Galaxy II ($\ell =180^{\circ }$-$280^{\circ }$)
• Star forming regions linked to RCW78 and the discovery of a new IR bubble
• Multiwavelength and astrometric study of the DBS-89-90-91 embedded clusters region
• Natal molecular cloud of SNR Kes 41. Complete characterisation
• The interstellar medium towards the Ara OB1 region
• A Global View of Molecule-Forming Clouds in the Galaxy
• Modelling the Gamma-Ray Morphology of HESS J1804-216 from Two Supernova Remnants in a Hadronic Scenario
• XMM-Newton observations of the TeV-discovered supernova remnant HESS J1534-571
• A revisited study of the unidentified $\gamma$-ray emission towards the SNR Kes 41
• Hydrogen in diffuse molecular clouds in the Milky Way: Atomic column densities and molecular fraction along prominent lines of sight
• Observations of ionized carbon towards the $\gamma$-ray-bright supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946
• Stellar feedback and triggered star formation in the prototypical bubble RCW 120