The history of dynamics and stellar feedback revealed by the HI filamentary structure in the disk of the Milky Way

Abstract

We present a study of the filamentary structure in the emission from the neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) at 21 cm across velocity channels in the 40'' and 1.5-km/s resolution position-position-velocity cube resulting from the combination of the single-dish and interferometric observations in The HI/OH/Recombination (THOR) line survey. Using the Hessian matrix method in combination with tools from circular statistics, we find that the majority of the filamentary structures in the HI emission are aligned with the Galactic plane. Part of this trend can be assigned to long filamentary structures that are coherent across several velocity channels. However, we also find ranges of Galactic longitude and radial velocity where the HI filamentary structures are preferentially oriented perpendicular to the Galactic plane. These are located (i) around the tangent point of the Scutum spiral arm, $l\approx 28^{\circ }$ and $v_{\mathrm{LSR}}\approx 100$ km/s, (ii) toward $l\approx 45^{\circ }$ and $v_{\mathrm{LSR}}\approx 50$ km/s, (iii) around the Riegel-Crutcher cloud, and (iv) toward the terminal velocities. Comparison with numerical simulations indicates that the prevalence of horizontal filamentary structures is most likely the result of the large-scale dynamics and that vertical structures identified in (i) and (ii) may arise from the combined effect of supernova (SN) feedback and strong magnetic fields. The vertical filamentary structures in (iv) can be related to the presence of clouds from extra-planar HI gas falling back into the Galactic plane after being expelled by SNe. Our results indicate that a systematic characterization of the emission morphology toward the Galactic plane provides an unexplored link between the observations and the dynamical behaviour of the interstellar medium, from the effect of large-scale Galactic dynamics to the Galactic fountains driven by SNe.

arXiv comment28 pages. 37 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (09SEP2020)

References in corpus (94)

• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• The Milky Way in Molecular Clouds: A New Complete CO Survey
• Control of star formation by supersonic turbulence
• Trigonometric Parallaxes of High Mass Star Forming Regions: the Structure and Kinematics of the Milky Way
• The mass distribution and gravitational potential of the Milky Way
• The Interstellar Environment of our Galaxy
• The persistent cosmic web and its filamentary structure I: Theory and implementation
• The Boston University-Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory Galactic Ring Survey
• The Millennium Arecibo 21-CM Absorption Line Survey. II. Properties of the Warm and Cold Neutral Media
• The VLA Galactic Plane Survey
• The WISE Catalog of Galactic HII Regions
• Velocity Modification of HI Power Spectrum
• The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project: I. Chemical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM
• The Southern Galactic Plane Survey: HI Observations and Analysis
• GASS: The Parkes Galactic All-Sky Survey. I. Survey Description, Goals, and Initial Data Release
• Physical Properties and Galactic Distribution of Molecular Clouds identified in the Galactic Ring Survey
• A Parallax-based Distance Estimator for Spiral Arm Sources
• The Millennium Arecibo 21-cm Absorption Line Survey. IV. Statistics of Magnetic Field, Column Density, and Turbulence
• Three-phase Interstellar medium in Galaxies Resolving Evolution with Star formation and Supernova feedback (TIGRESS): Algorithms, Fiducial model, and Convergence
• Accretion of gas onto nearby spiral galaxies
• LIME - a flexible, non-LTE line excitation and radiation transfer method for millimeter and far-infrared wavelengths
• The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project - II. Dynamical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM and the launching of outflows
• Magnetically Aligned HI Fibers and the Rolling Hough Transform
• Gravitational Collapse in Turbulent Molecular Clouds. II. Magnetohydrodynamical Turbulence
• Untangling the Galaxy I: Local Structure and Star Formation History of the Milky Way
• A Dynamical Model for the Extra-planar Gas in Spiral Galaxies
• From Massive Protostars to a Giant HII Region: Submillimeter Imaging of the Galactic Mini-starburst W43
• A massive cluster of Red Supergiants at the base of the Scutum-Crux arm
• Numerical Simulations of Multiphase Winds and Fountains from Star-Forming Galactic Disks: I. Solar Neighborhood TIGRESS Model
• On the origin of non self-gravitating filaments in the ISM
• Gas flow models in the Milky Way embedded bars
• Discovery of an Extraordinarily Massive Cluster of Red Supergiants
• The RMS Survey: Galactic distribution of massive star formation
• A $\lambda$20cm Survey of the Galactic Center Region I: Detection of Numerous Linear Filaments
• Large-scale filaments associated with Milky Way spiral arms
• Giant Molecular Filaments in the Milky Way
• The Bones of the Milky Way
• The identification of filaments on far infrared and submillimiter images. Morphology, physical conditions and relation with star formation of filamentary structure
• The impact of turbulence and magnetic field orientation on star forming filaments
• Tracing magnetic fields with spectroscopic channel maps
• The Generation and Dissipation of Interstellar Turbulence - Results from Large Scale High Resolution Simulations
• Vertical Equilibrium, Energetics, and Star Formation Rates in Magnetized Galactic Disks Regulated by Momentum Feedback from Supernovae
• What are we learning from the relative orientation between density structures and the magnetic field in molecular clouds?
• Gas flow in barred potentials - III. Effects of varying the Quadrupole
• Shock Excited Maser Emission from the Supernova Remnant W28
• Two Mass Distributions in the L 1641 Molecular Clouds: The Herschel connection of Dense Cores and Filaments in Orion A
• Quantifying Observational Projection Effects Using Molecular Cloud Simulations
• The Effelsberg-Bonn HI Survey (EBHIS)
• The Cloud Factory I: Generating resolved filamentary molecular clouds from galactic-scale forces
• Galactic Supernova Remnant Candidates Discovered by THOR
• The Physical Properties of Large-Scale Galactic Filaments
• Magnetically Dominated Strands of Cold Hydrogen in the Riegel-Crutcher Cloud
• The Skeleton of the Milky Way
• Gas Accretion via Condensation and Fountains
• The Galactic Distribution of Large HI Shells
• Using Herschel and Planck observations to delineate the role of magnetic fields in molecular cloud structure
• Discovery of a Population of HI Clouds in the Galactic Halo
• A Self-Absorption Census of Cold HI Clouds in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey
• The Outer Disk of the Milky Way Seen in 21-cm Absorption
• Cold Milky Way Hi gas in filaments
• An application of an optimal statistic for characterising relative orientations
• Relative Alignment Between the Magnetic Field and Molecular Gas Structure in the Vela C Giant Molecular Cloud using Low and High Density Tracers
• Structure distribution and turbulence in self-consistently supernova-driven ISM of multiphase magnetized galactic discs
• Anisotropic Formation of Magnetized Cores in Turbulent Clouds
• The Physical Nature of Neutral Hydrogen Intensity Structure
• THOR - The HI, OH, Recombination Line Survey of the Milky Way - The pilot study: HI observations of the giant molecular cloud W43
• The HI/OH/Recombination line survey of the inner Milky Way (THOR): data release 2 and HI overview
• Modelling the HI halo of the Milky Way
• Histogram of oriented gradients: a technique for the study of molecular cloud formation
• Three Dimensional Hydrodynamic Simulations of Multiphase Galactic Disks with Star Formation Feedback: II. Synthetic HI 21 cm Line Observations
• Formation of HI Clouds in Shock-compressed Interstellar Medium: Physical Origin of Angular Correlation Between Filamentary Structure and Magnetic Field
• Radiative transfer modelling of W33A MM1: 3-D structure and dynamics of a complex massive star forming region
• Star formation from dense shocked regions in supersonic isothermal magneto-turbulence
• Milky Way Disk-Halo Transition in HI: Properties of the Cloud Population
• The FRIGG project: From intermediate galactic scales to self-gravitating cores
• "Missing Link" Clouds in the Southern Galactic Plane Survey
• Radio continuum emission in the northern Galactic plane: Sources and spectral indices from the THOR survey
• DHIGLS: DRAO H I Intermediate Galactic Latitude Survey
• OH maser emission in the THOR survey of the northern Milky Way
• Strong excess Faraday rotation on the Inside of the Sagittarius spiral arm
• Cloud formation in the atomic and molecular phase: HI self absorption (HISA) towards a Giant Molecular Filament
• Tracing the Milky Way Nuclear Wind with 21cm Atomic Hydrogen Emission
• Compact HI clouds at high forbidden velocities in the inner Galaxy
• Dynamical cloud formation traced by atomic and molecular gas
• An Automated Method for the Detection and Extraction of HI Self-Absorption in High-Resolution 21cm Line Surveys
• HI anisotropies associated with radio-polarimetric filaments. Steep power spectra associated with cold gas
• Calibrating the HISA temperature: Measuring the temperature of the Riegel-Crutcher cloud
• The Discovery of a Massive Cluster of Red Supergiants with GLIMPSE
• Autonomous Gaussian decomposition of the Galactic Ring Survey. I. Global statistics and properties of the 13CO emission data
• The relative orientation between the magnetic field and gradients of surface brightness within thin velocity slices of 12CO and 13CO emission from the Taurus molecular cloud
• Dense Gas in a Giant Molecular Filament
• Atomic and molecular gas properties during cloud formation
• Milky Way Kinematics. II. A uniform inner Galaxy HI terminal velocity curve
• Fourier-space combination of Planck and Herschel images

Cited by in corpus (28)

• The Gaia-ESO survey: mapping the shape and evolution of the radial abundance gradients with open clusters
• Shock-multicloud interactions in galactic outflows -- II. Radiative fractal clouds and cold gas thermodynamics
• PHANGS-JWST First Results: Tracing the Diffuse ISM with JWST Imaging of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission in Nearby Galaxies
• The Galactic dynamics revealed by the filamentary structure in atomic hydrogen emission
• PHANGS-JWST First Results: The Dust Filament Network of NGC 628 and its Relation to Star Formation Activity
• ALMA observations of NGC 6334S. II. Subsonic and Transonic Narrow Filaments in a High-mass Star Formation Cloud
• Simulations of the star-forming molecular gas in an interacting M51-like galaxy: cloud population statistics
• Molecular gas distribution perpendicular to the Galactic plane
• The "Maggie" filament: Physical properties of a giant atomic cloud
• Filamentary structures of ionized gas in Cygnus X
• Probing the cold neutral medium through HI emission morphology with the scattering transform
• Peering into the Milky Way by FAST: I. Exquisite HI structures in the inner Galactic disk from the piggyback line observations of the FAST GPPS survey
• On the distribution of the Cold Neutral Medium in galaxy discs
• The filamentary structures in the CO emission toward the Milky Way disk
• The discovery of the largest gas filament in our Galaxy, or a new spiral arm?
• A Comparison of Multi-Phase Magnetic Field Tracers in a High-Galactic Latitude Region of the Filamentary Interstellar Medium
• HI filaments as potential compass needles? Comparing the magnetic field structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud to the orientation of GASKAP-HI filaments
• The Kinematic Structure of Magnetically Aligned HI Filaments
• A GALAH View of the Chemical Homogeneity and Ages of Stellar Strings Identified in Gaia
• HI Self-absorption toward the Cygnus X North: From Atomic Filament to Molecular Filament
• Neutral hydrogen filaments in interstellar media: Are they physical?
• Aspect ratios of far-infrared and H i filaments in the diffuse interstellar medium at high Galactic latitudes
• Properties of 3D HI Filaments in the Smith High Velocity Cloud
• A path towards constraining the evolution of the interstellar medium and outflows in the Milky Way using APOGEE
• Metrewave Galactic Plane with the uGMRT (MeGaPluG) Survey: Lessons from the Pilot Study
• Anisotropy in the carbon monoxide (CO) line emission across the Milky Way's disk
• The SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey filamentary source catalogue
• Cold atomic gas identified by HI self-absorption. Cold atomic clouds toward giant molecular filaments