Formation of HI Clouds in Shock-compressed Interstellar Medium: Physical Origin of Angular Correlation Between Filamentary Structure and Magnetic Field

Abstract

Recent observations of neutral Galactic interstellar medium showed that filamentary structures of HI clouds are aligned with the interstellar magnetic field. Many interesting applications are proposed based on the alignment such as measurement of magnetic field strength through the Chandrasekhar-Fermi method and removal of polarized foreground dust emissions for the detection of inflationary polarized emission in the cosmic microwave background radiation. However, the physical origin of the alignment remains to be explained. To understand the alignment mechanism, we examine formation of HI clouds triggered by shock compression of diffuse warm neutral medium using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations with the effects of optically thin cooling and heating. We show that the shock-compressed diffuse interstellar medium of density n~1 cm^-3 evolves into HI clouds with typical density n~50 cm^-3 via thermal instability driven by cooling, which is consistent with previous studies. We apply a machine vision transformation developed by Clark et al.(2014) to the resulting column density structures obtained by the simulations in order to measure angle correlation between filamentary structures of HI clouds and magnetic field. We find that the orientation of HI filaments depends on the environmental turbulent velocity field, particularly on the strength of shear strain in the direction of the magnetic field, which is controlled by the angle between the shock propagation direction and upstream magnetic field. When the strain along the magnetic field is weak, filamentary components of HI clouds basically lie perpendicular to the magnetic field. However, the filaments have come to align with the magnetic field, if we enhance the turbulent strain along the magnetic field or if we set turbulence in the preshock medium.

7 pages, 7 figures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal

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• Cosmic Magnetism in Centimeter and Meter Wavelength Radio Astronomy
• HI anisotropies associated with radio-polarimetric filaments. Steep power spectra associated with cold gas
• The multiphase and magnetized neutral hydrogen seen by LOFAR
• HAWC+/SOFIA Polarimetry in L1688: Relative Orientation of Magnetic Field and Elongated Cloud Structure
• The properties of clusters, and the orientation of magnetic fields relative to filaments, in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of colliding clouds
• Formation of Massive Star Clusters by Fast HI Gas Collision
• HI filaments as potential compass needles? Comparing the magnetic field structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud to the orientation of GASKAP-HI filaments
• Interactions of a shock with a molecular cloud at various stages of its evolution due to thermal instability and gravity
• The physical and the geometrical properties of simulated cold HI structures
• Radiative transfer of hydrogen lines from supernova remnant shock waves: contributions of 2s-state hydrogen atoms