BUDDA: A New Two-Dimensional Bulge/Disk Decomposition Code for Detailed Structural Analysis of Galaxies

Abstract

We present BUDDA (BUlge/Disk Decomposition Analysis), a new code devoted to perform a two-dimensional bulge/disk decomposition directly from the images of galaxies. The bulge component is fitted with a generalized Sersic profile whereas disks have an exponential profile. No other components are included. Bars and other sub-structures, like lenses, rings, inner bars and inner disks, are studied with the residual images obtained through the subtraction of bulges and disks from the original images. This means that a detailed structural analysis of galaxies may be performed with a small number of parameters, and sub-structures may be directly studied with no a priori assumptions. To illustrate its usefulness, we present the results obtained with a sample of 51 mostly early-type galaxies (but covering the whole Hubble sequence). These results show some of the applications in which the code may be used: the determination of parameters for Fundamental Plane and structural studies, quantitative morphological classification of galaxies and identification and study of hidden sub-structures. We have determined the structural parameters of the galaxies in our sample and found many examples of hidden inner disks in ellipticals, secondary bars, nuclear rings and dust lanes in lenticulars and spirals, and also wrong morphological classification cases.

Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplements; 37 pages including 6 figures and 1 table; we strongly recommend to download a version of the paper with higher resolution figures, as well as all of the on-line only material, available at http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/~dimitri/budda/budda.ps.gz (83 pages); see also the code's internet site at http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/~dimitri/budda.html

References in corpus (15)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images
• On the shape of the light profiles of early-type galaxies
• What determines the strength and the slowdown rate of bars ?
• Evidence for Secular Evolution in Late-Type Spirals
• Bulge-Disk Decomposition of 659 Spiral and Lenticular Galaxy Brightness Profiles
• Double Bars, Inner Disks, and Nuclear Rings in Early-Type Disk Galaxies
• A Dust-Penetrated Classification Scheme for Bars as Inferred from their Gravitational Force Fields
• Quantitative Morphology of Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field
• Fueling the AGN
• The Photometric Plane of Elliptical Galaxies
• NGC 4608 and NGC 5701: Barred Galaxies without Disks?
• The Peculiar Motions of Early-Type Galaxies in Two Distant Regions VI: The Maximum Likelihood Gaussian Algorithm
• Quantitative Morphology of the Intermediate-Redshift Galaxy Cluster Abell 2443 from Ground-Based Imaging -- Evidence for a galaxy concentration index correlation with cluster density
• Mass-to-light ratios from the fundamental plane of spiral galaxy disks

Cited by in corpus (157)

• Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models
• A concise reference to (projected) Sersic R^{1/n} quantities, including Concentration, Profile Slopes, Petrosian indices, and Kron Magnitudes
• A Catalog of Bulge+Disk Decompositions and Updated Photometry for 1.12 Million Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Structural Properties of Pseudo-Bulges, Classical Bulges and Elliptical Galaxies: an SDSS Perspective
• Physical properties and environments of nearby galaxies
• A Revised Parallel-Sequence Morphological Classification of Galaxies: Structure and Formation of S0 and Spheroidal Galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Structural Investigation of Galaxies via Model Analysis (SIGMA)
• Bulge n and B/T in High Mass Galaxies: Constraints on the Origin of Bulges in Hierarchical Models
• Imfit: A Fast, Flexible New Program for Astronomical Image Fitting
• Multicomponent Decompositions for a Sample of S0 galaxies
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: Bulge/Disc Decomposition of 10095 Nearby Galaxies
• MegaMorph - multi-wavelength measurement of galaxy structure: complete Sérsic profile information from modern surveys
• Properties of Bars and Bulges in the Hubble Sequence
• Revisiting the Hubble sequence in the SDSS DR7 spectroscopic sample: a publicly available bayesian automated classification
• The Spitzer/IRAC view of black hole - bulge scaling relations
• Total Galaxy Magnitudes and Effective Radii from Petrosian Magnitudes and Radii
• Image Decomposition of Barred Galaxies and AGN Hosts
• GALAPAGOS: From Pixels to Parameters
• Galaxy Zoo: Observing Secular Evolution Through Bars
• The ATLAS3D project - XVII. Linking photometric and kinematic signatures of stellar discs in early-type galaxies
• Bar-induced perturbation strengths of the galaxies in the Ohio State University Bright Galaxy Survey (OSUBGS) I
• The impact of bars on disk breaks as probed by S4G imaging
• Astrophysically Motivated Bulge-Disk Decompositions of SDSS Galaxies
• Secular Evolution and Structural Properties of Stellar Bars in Galaxies
• Two-dimensional multi-component photometric decomposition of CALIFA galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): ${\mathcal{M}}_{\star }-R_{\mathrm{e}}$ relations of $z=0$ bulges, discs and spheroids
• ProFit: Bayesian Profile Fitting of Galaxy Images
• Galaxy Zoo: Secular evolution of barred galaxies from structural decomposition of multi-band images
• The Near-infrared S0 Survey III: Morphology of 15 Southern Early-type Disk Galaxies
• Kinematic signatures of nuclear discs and bar-driven secular evolution in nearby galaxies of the MUSE TIMER project
• The X-ray Halo Scaling Relations of Supermassive Black Holes
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Spiral Galaxies. I. $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{sph}}$
• Extending the evolution of the stellar mass-size relation at $z\le 2$ to low stellar mass galaxies from HFF and CANDELS
• Mid-Infrared Galaxy Morphology from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4G): The Imprint of the de Vaucouleurs Revised Hubble-Sandage Classification System at 3.6 microns
• The Herschel-ATLAS: The dust energy balance in the edge-on spiral galaxy UGC 4754
• Secular- and merger-built bulges in barred galaxies
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Spiral Galaxies. II. $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{tot}}$ and $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{disk}}$
• Angular Momentum and Galaxy Formation Revisited: Scaling Relations for Disks and Bulges
• The central black hole mass of the high-sigma but low-bulge-luminosity lenticular galaxy NGC 1332
• Central Stellar Mass Deficits in the Bulges of Local Lenticular Galaxies, and the Connection with Compact z ~ 1.5 Galaxies
• Near-Infrared Surface Photometry of a Sample of Barred Galaxies
• Upper Limits on the Masses of 105 Supermassive Black Holes from Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Archival Data
• MUSE tells the story of NGC 4371: The dawning of secular evolution
• X-ray nuclear activity in S4G barred galaxies: No link between bar strength and co-occurrent supermassive black hole fueling
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: Exploring the Color-Concentration Bimodality via Bulge-Disc Decomposition
• Combining Stellar Populations with Orbit-Superposition Dynamical Modelling - the Formation History of the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 3115
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the Stellar Mass Budget of Galaxy Spheroids and Disks
• PyMorph: Automated Galaxy Structural Parameter Estimation using Python
• Star formation in the local Universe from the CALIFA sample. II. Activation and quenching mechanisms in bulges, bars, and disks
• Decomposition of the Host Galaxies of Active Galactic Nuclei Using Hubble Space Telescope Images
• Scalable Automated Detection of Spiral Galaxy Arm Segments
• An Optimal Strategy for Accurate Bulge-to-disk Decomposition of Disk Galaxies
• Further Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole Mass - Pitch Angle Relation
• Radiative transfer in disc galaxies IV - The effects of dust attenuation on bulge and disc structural parameters
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST XI. The search for signs of preprocessing between the Fornax main cluster and Fornax A group
• Unveiling the Structure of Barred Galaxies at 3.6 $\mu \mathrm{m}$ with the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S${}^4$G): I. Disk Breaks
• Ages and abundances in large-scale stellar disks of nearby S0 galaxies
• A Survey of 286 Virgo Cluster Galaxies at Optical griz and Near-IR H-band: Surface Brightness Profiles and Bulge-Disk Decompositions
• Bulge plus disc and Sérsic decomposition catalogues for 16,908 galaxies in the SDSS Stripe 82 co-adds: A detailed study of the $ugriz$ structural measurements
• Overmassive black holes in the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-\sigma$ diagram do not belong to over (dry) merged galaxies
• Untangling galaxy components: full spectral bulge-disc decomposition
• The GALEX/S4G Surface Brightness and Color Profiles Catalog - I. Surface Photometry and Color Gradients of Galaxies
• Photometric Decomposition of Barred Galaxies
• 2MASS photometry of edge-on spiral galaxies. I. Sample and general results
• Rejuvenated galaxies with very old bulges at the origin of the bending of the main sequence and of the "green valley"
• Fourier Photometric Analysis of Isolated Galaxies in the Context of the AMIGA Project
• Near-infrared bulge-disc correlations of lenticular galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the wavelength dependence of galaxy structure versus redshift and luminosity
• Spatially resolved stellar populations in the isolated elliptical NGC 821
• Photometric characterization of a well defined sample of isolated galaxies in the context of the AMIGA project
• The Vertical Stellar Kinematics in Face-On Barred Galaxies: Estimating the Ages of Bars
• Box/Peanut and Bar structures in edge-on and face-on SDSS nearby galaxies I. Catalogue
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). The coevolution of galaxy morphology and colour to z~1
• $Profiler$ - A Fast and Versatile New Program for Decomposing Galaxy Light Profiles
• Bulges and disks in the local Universe. Linking the galaxy structure to star formation activity
• Evidence of Bar-induced Secular Evolution in the Inner Regions of Stellar Discs in Galaxies: What Shapes Disc Galaxies?
• The Mass Profile and Shape of Bars in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G): Search for an Age Indicator for Bars
• A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample: I. Overluminous host spheroidals or undermassive black holes?
• Surprises in Image Decomposition of Edge-on Galaxies: does Sombrero have a (classical) bulge?
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. VII. Constraints on the Origin of S0 Galaxies from Their Photometric Structure
• The ALHAMBRA survey: reliable morphological catalogue of 22,051 early- and late-type galaxies
• The Zurich Environmental Study (ZENS) of Galaxies in Groups along the Cosmic Web. II. Galaxy Structural Measurements and the Concentration of Morphologically Classified Satellites in Diverse Environments
• Do Nuclear Star Clusters and Black Holes Follow the Same Host-Galaxy Correlations?
• Dissecting galactic bulges in space and time I: the importance of early formation scenarios vs. secular evolution
• Galaxies with conspicuous optical warps
• Dust emission profiles of DustPedia galaxies
• Star formation in the intragroup medium and other diagnostics of the evolutionary stages of compact groups of galaxies
• Spectro-photometric decomposition of galaxy structural components
• Kinematic properties of the field elliptical NGC 7507
• Revisiting the role of bars in AGN fuelling with propensity score sample matching
• Determining the extragalactic extinction law with SALT
• A new tool for image analysis based on Chebyshev rational functions: CHEF functions
• Properties of Disks and Bulges of Spiral and Lenticular Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS): Comparative analysis of the structural properties of star-forming and non-star-forming galaxy bars
• A combined photometric and kinematic recipe for evaluating the nature of bulges using the CALIFA sample
• ProFuse: Physical Multi-Band Structural Decomposition of Galaxies and the Mass-Size-Age Plane
• New insight on galaxy structure from GALPHAT I. Motivation, methodology, and benchmarks for Sersic models
• Discovery of Counter-Rotating Gas in the Galaxies NGC1596 and NGC3203 and the Incidence of Gas Counter-Rotation in S0 Galaxies
• VIS3COS: II. Nature and nurture in galaxy structure and morphology
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Bulge-disk decomposition of KiDS data in the nearby universe
• Isolated ellipticals and their globular cluster systems III. NGC 2271, NGC 2865, NGC 3962, NGC 4240 and IC 4889
• Barred S0 Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• Star Formation Properties in Barred Galaxies(SFB). III. Statistical Study of Bar-driven Secular Evolution using a sample of nearby barred spirals
• The portrait of Malin 2: a case study of a giant low surface brightness galaxy
• No evidence for small disk-like bulges in a sample of late-type spirals
• Central enhancement of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio in barred galaxies
• The impact from survey depth and resolution on the morphological classification of galaxies
• Deconstructing double-barred galaxies in 2D and 3D. I. Classical nature of the dominant bulges
• Hα Kinematics of S4G spiral galaxies-I. NGC 864
• Optical multiband surface photometry of a sample of Seyfert galaxies. I. Large-scale morphology and local environment analysis of matched Seyfert and inactive galaxy samples
• Globular cluster systems in fossil groups: NGC6482, NGC1132 and ESO306-017
• The Circumnuclear Star-forming Activities along the Hubble Sequence
• Disc cloaking: Establishing a lower limit to the number density of local compact massive spheroids/bulges and the potential fate of some high-z red nuggets
• Lenticular galaxies at the outskirts of the Leo II group: NGC 3599 and NGC 3626
• Dark Matter Deprivation in Field Elliptical Galaxy NGC 7507
• Faint Satellite Population of the NGC-3175 Group - a Local Group Analogue
• Star Formation Histories Across the Interacting Galaxy NGC 6872, the Largest-Known Spiral
• An Extensive Photometric Catalog of CALIFA Galaxies
• Comparing the properties of the X-shaped bulges of NGC 4710 and the Milky Way with MUSE
• Quantifying the stellar ages of dynamically separated bulges and disks of CALIFA spiral galaxies
• The effect of disk inclination on the Main Sequence of star forming galaxies
• GALFIT-CORSAIR: implementing the core-Sersic model into GALFIT
• Globular Cluster Populations: First Results from S${}^4$G Early-Type Galaxies
• Galaxy Structural Analysis with the Curvature of the Brightness Profile
• The OTELO survey as a morphological probe. Last ten Gyr of galaxy evolution. The mass--size relation up to z=2
• Detection of Galaxies with Gaia
• A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample: II. Tracing circumnuclear star formation in HE 1029-1831 with SINFONI
• Disk mass and disk heating in the spiral galaxy NGC 3223
• Structural properties of disk galaxies. II. Intrinsic shape of bulges
• Small Scale Systems of Galaxies. III. X-ray detected E+S galaxy pairs in low density environments
• The intrinsic shape of galaxy bulges
• G2C2-III: Structural parameters for Galactic globular clusters in SDSS passbands
• Bayesian fitting of multi-Gaussian expansion models to galaxy images
• Mirages in galaxy scaling relations
• GALFIT-ing AGN Host Galaxies in COSMOS: HST vs. Subaru
• Using angular momentum maps to detect kinematically distinct galactic components
• A new fitting concept for the robust determination of Sérsic model parameters
• Looking inside the nest: the hidden structure of the merger galaxy NGC 1316 (Fornax A)
• Bayesian bulge-disc decomposition of galaxy images
• Three-dimensional decomposition of galaxies with bulge and long bar
• The PSF Smoothing Effect on Concentration-Related Parameters of High Redshift Galaxies in HST and JWST
• Do Disk Galaxies with Abnormally Low Mass-to-Light Ratios Exist?
• Predicting bulge to total luminosity ratio of galaxies using deep learning
• Decomposing galaxies with BANG: an automated morpho-kinematical decomposition of the SDSS-DR17 MaNGA survey
• Elliptical Galaxies with Emission Lines from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• WSRT observations and surface photometry of two unusual spiral galaxies
• The link between galaxy structure properties and star formation in local galaxies
• Maximally informed Bayesian modelling of disc galaxies
• Non-parametric decompositions of disk galaxies in S${}^4$G using DiskFit
• The stellar host in star-forming low-mass galaxies: Evidence for two classes
• Comparing the structural parameters of the Milky Way to other spiral galaxies
• Orbit-based structural decomposition and stellar population recovery for edge-on barred galaxies
• Multi-Band Bar/Bulge/Disk Image Decomposition of a Thousand Galaxies
• The detectability of bars at high redshift: a case study using Euclid-like mock observations of TNG50 simulated galaxies
• A nuclear disc at Cosmic Noon: evidence of early bar-driven galaxy evolution
• Recovering 3D structural properties of galaxies from SDSS-like photometry
• The Structural Parameters of Bulges, Bars and Discs in the Local Universe