The Vela Pulsar's proper motion and parallax derived from VLBI observations

Abstract

The Vela pulsar is the brightest pulsar at radio wavelengths. It was the object that told us (via its glitching) that pulsars were solid rotating bodies not oscillating ones. Along with the Crab pulsar is it the source of many of the models of pulsar behavior. Therefore it is of vital importance to know how far away it is, and its origin. The proper motion and parallax for the Vela pulsar have been derived from 2.3 and 8.4 GHz Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. The data spans 6.8 years and consists of eleven epochs. We find a proper motion of ${\mu }_{\alpha \cos \delta }=-49.61\pm 0.06,{\mu }_{\delta }=29.8\pm 0.1$ \myr and a parallax of $3.4\pm 0.2$ mas, which is equivalent to a distance of $293_{-17}^{+19}$ pc. When we subtract out the galactic rotation and solar peculiar velocity we find ${\mu }_{\ast }=45\pm 1.3$ \myr with a position angle (PA) of $301^{\circ }\pm 1.8$ which implies that the proper motion has a small but significant offset from the X-ray nebula's symmetry axis.

Corrected for some minor errors and referee's comments

References in corpus (11)

• Local stellar kinematics from Hipparcos data
• Galactic Kinematics of Cepheids from Hipparcos Proper Motions
• The Vela Pulsar and its Synchrotron Nebula
• Why pulsars rotate and move: kicks at birth
• The X-ray Spectrum of the Vela Pulsar Resolved with Chandra
• The Distance to the Vela Supernova Remnant
• Variability of the Vela Pulsar-wind Nebula Observed with Chandra
• The distance to the Vela pulsar gauged with HST parallax oservations
• The Vela Pulsar's Radio Nebula
• Vela, its X-ray nebula, and the polarization of pulsar radiation
• Measurement of the Parallax of PSR B0950+08 Using the VLBA

Cited by in corpus (166)

• A statistical study of 233 pulsar proper motions
• Neutron Star Cooling
• The Second Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars
• The Evolution and Structure of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• Minimal Cooling of Neutron Stars: A New Paradigm
• Supernova remnants: the X-ray perspective
• The First Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars
• The 1st Fermi Lat Supernova Remnant Catalog
• Fitting Pulsar Wind Tori
• Evidence for alignment of the rotation and velocity vectors in pulsars
• On Pulsar Distance Measurements and their Uncertainties
• Detection of 107 glitches in 36 southern pulsars
• Neutrino Emission from Cooper Pairs and Minimal Cooling of Neutron Stars
• First detection of a VHE gamma-ray spectral maximum from a Cosmic source: H.E.S.S. discovery of the Vela X nebula
• An Atlas For Interpreting Gamma-Ray Pulsar Light Curves
• Micro-Arcsecond Radio Astrometry
• Gravitational waves from known pulsars: results from the initial detector era
• The Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars
• Beating the spin-down limit on gravitational wave emission from the Vela pulsar
• Magnetic fields in supernova remnants and pulsar-wind nebulae
• Neutron star cooling
• Fermi LAT Observations of the Vela Pulsar
• The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Survey of OVI Absorption in the Disk of the Milky Way
• A Precise Proper Motion for the Crab Pulsar, and the Difficulty of Testing Spin-Kick Alignment for Young Neutron Stars
• Constraints on the Galactic Population of TEV Pulsar Wind Nebulae Using Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations
• Extremely high precision VLBI astrometry of PSR J0437-4715 and implications for theories of gravity
• Neutron Star Kicks in Isolated and Binary Pulsars: Observational Constraints and Implications for Kick Mechanisms
• The Vela Pulsar: Results from the First Year of Fermi LAT Observations
• Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in 2015-2017 LIGO Data
• Precision southern hemisphere VLBI pulsar astrometry II: Measurement of seven parallaxes
• Magnetic Fields in Large Diameter HII Regions Revealed by the Faraday Rotation of Compact Extragalactic Radio Sources
• Guaranteed and Prospective Galactic TeV Neutrino Sources
• Pulsar wind nebulae with bow shocks: non-thermal radiation and cosmic ray leptons
• Gravitational-wave constraints on the equatorial ellipticity of millisecond pulsars
• On the evolution of the Gamma- and X-ray luminosities of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• On the Expansion Rate, Age, and Distance of the Supernova Remnant G266.2-1.2 (Vela Jr.)
• Birth Kick Distributions and the Spin-Kick Correlation of Young Pulsars
• Probing the extent of the non-thermal emission from the Vela X region at TeV energies with H.E.S.S
• The soft gamma-ray pulsar population: an high-energy overview
• Narrow-band search for gravitational waves from known pulsars using the second LIGO observing run
• Diffusion in Pulsar Wind Nebulae: An Investigation using Magnetohydrodynamic and Particle Transport Models
• Pulsar Timing with the Parkes Radio Telescope for the Fermi Mission
• Constraining the Spin-down of the Nearby Isolated Neutron Star RX J2143.0+0654
• Constraining the Spin-down of the Nearby Isolated Neutron Star RX J0806.4-4123, and Implications for the Population of Nearby Neutron Stars
• The impact of glitches on young pulsar rotational evolution
• Narrowband searches for continuous and long-duration transient gravitational waves from known pulsars in the LIGO-Virgo third observing run
• Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of the Vela-X Pulsar Wind Nebula
• Observations of PSR J2021+3651 and its X-ray Pulsar Wind Nebula G75.2+0.1
• Timing Gamma-ray Pulsars with the Fermi Large Area Telescope: Timing Noise and Astrometry
• The Magnificent Seven in the dusty prairie -- The role of interstellar absorption on the observed neutron star population
• First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data
• The young pulsar PSR B0540-69.3 and its synchrotron nebula in the optical and X-rays
• Pulsar Spin--Velocity Alignment: Further Results and Discussion
• Escape from Vela X
• A radio-polarisation and rotation measure study of the Gum Nebula and its environment
• Probing the radio to X-ray connection of the Vela X PWN with Fermi LAT and H.E.S.S
• Dispersion measure variations in a sample of 168 pulsars
• Linear relation for wind-blown bubble sizes of main-sequence OB stars in a molecular environment and implication for supernova progenitors
• A ring in a shell: the large-scale 6D structure of the Vela OB2 complex
• The Vela-X Pulsar Wind Nebula revisited with 4 years of Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations
• Gravitational waves from transient neutron star f-mode oscillations
• The (Double) White Dwarf Binary SDSS 1257+5428
• Direct Measurement of Neutron-Star Recoil in the Oxygen-Rich Supernova Remnant Puppis A
• X-ray emission from PSR B1800-21, its wind nebula, and similar systems
• X-ray emission from PSR J1809-1917 and its pulsar wind nebula, possibly associated with the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1809-193
• Modeling of the Vela complex including the Vela supernova remnant, the binary system gamma2 Velorum, and the Gum nebula
• Dipole anisotropy in cosmic electrons and positrons: inspection on local sources
• Galactic interstellar turbulence in the southern sky seen through spatial gradients of the polarization vector
• Phase resolved spectroscopy of the Vela pulsar with XMM-Newton
• Probing the Nature of the Vela X Cocoon
• The extended hard X-ray emission from the Vela Plerion
• Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula with AGILE
• Global numerical simulations of the rise of vortex-mediated pulsar glitches in full general relativity
• Rings and Jets around PSR J2021+3651: the `Dragonfly Nebula'
• First Parallax Measurements Towards a 6.7 GHz Methanol Maser with the Australian Long Baseline Array - Distance to G339.884-1.259
• First search for long-duration transient gravitational waves after glitches in the Vela and Crab pulsars
• The imprint of pulsar parameters on the morphology of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• Stellar Binaries That Survive Supernovae
• H.E.S.S. and Suzaku observations of the Vela X pulsar wind nebula
• UV emission from young and middle-aged pulsars: Connecting X-rays with the optical
• A new nearby pulsar wind nebula overlapping the RX J0852.0-4622 supernova remnant
• Gamma-ray Emission from the Vela Pulsar Modeled with the Annular Gap and Core Gap
• Theory of cosmic ray and gamma-ray production in the supernova remnant RX J0852.0-4622
• Discovery of a Radiation Component from the Vela Pulsar Reaching 20 Teraelectronvolts
• Comparing supernova remnants around strongly magnetized and canonical pulsars
• Lutz-Kelker bias in pulsar parallax measurements
• The Effect of Diffusion on the Particle Spectra in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• The Vela and Geminga pulsars in the mid-infrared
• Modeling of the Radio Emission from the Vela Supernova Remnant
• Investigating the Structure of Vela X
• Characterising the rotational irregularities of the Vela pulsar from 21 yr of phase-coherent timing
• Pulsar Wind Nebulae with Thick Toroidal Structure
• The Optical Polarisation of the Vela Pulsar revisited
• Disentangling multiple high-energy emission components in the Vela X pulsar wind nebula with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Extended hard X-ray emission from the Vela pulsar wind nebula
• Neutron star natal kick and jets in core collapse supernovae
• Toward an Empirical Theory of Pulsar Emission XI. Understanding the Orientations of Pulsar Radiation and Supernova "Kicks"
• Supernovae Producing Unbound Binaries and Triples
• VLT/NACO observations of the High-Magnetic field radio pulsar PSR J1119-6127
• Constraining the Vela Pulsar's Radio Emission Region Using Nyquist-Limited Scintillation Statistics
• High Resolution Radio Astronomy Using Very Long Baseline Interferometry
• Precision Southern Hemisphere pulsar VLBI astrometry: techniques and results for PSR J1559-4438
• Probing pulsar scattering between 120 and 280 MHz with the MWA
• The quick and the dead: Finding the surviving binary companions of Galactic supernovae with Gaia
• Measuring proper motions of isolated neutron stars with Chandra
• Radio Pulsation Search and Imaging Study of SGR J1935+2154
• On the origin of the North Celestial Pole Loop
• The first detection of a pulsar with ALMA
• HST optical polarimetry of the Vela pulsar & nebula
• Multi-messenger constraints to the local emission of cosmic-ray electrons
• Theoretical interpretation of Pass 8 Fermi-LAT $e^{+}+e^{-}$ data
• Observed glitches in 8 young pulsars
• Molecular Environments of SNRs
• A detailed look at the thermal and non-thermal X-ray emission from the Vela supernova remnant with SRG/eROSITA
• The companion candidate near Fomalhaut - a background neutron star?
• Vela X at 31 GHz
• Axion dark matter-induced echo of supernova remnants
• HST multi-epoch imaging of the PSR B0540-69 system unveils a highly dynamic synchrotron nebula
• A Morphological Study of the Supernova Remnant RX J0852.0-4622 (Vela Jr.)
• Size of the Vela Pulsar's Emission Region at 18 cm Wavelength
• Suzaku Detection of Diffuse Hard X-Ray Emission outside Vela X
• The first ultraviolet detection of the Large Magellanic Cloud pulsar PSR B0540-69 and its multi-wavelength properties
• Near-infrared observations of Rotating Radio Transients
• The Vela pulsar and its likely counter-jet in the K_s band
• SRG/eROSITA and XMM-Newton observations of Vela Jr
• Suzaku study on the Ejecta of the Supernova Remnant G272.2$-$3.2
• High energy gamma-ray emission from compact galactic sources in the context of observations with the next generation Cherenkov Telescope Arrays
• Interferometric Parallax: A Method for Measurement of Astronomical Distances
• The Stellar "Snake" I: Whole Structure and Properties
• New perspectives on the supernova remnant Puppis A based on a radio polarization study
• On the Gamma-Ray Nebula of Vela Pulsar. I. Very Slow Diffusion of Energetic Electrons within the TeV Nebula
• A global view of shocked plasma in the supernova remnant Puppis A provided by SRG/eROSITA
• NE2025: An Updated Electron Density Model for the Galactic Interstellar Medium
• Modeling the non-recycled Fermi gamma-ray pulsar population
• X-ray emitting structures in the Vela SNR: ejecta anisotropies and progenitor stellar wind residuals
• New VLT observations of the Fermi pulsar PSR J1048-5832
• Absorption Line Observations of H${}_3^{+}$ and CO in Sight Lines Toward the Vela and W28 Supernova Remnants
• Far-Ultraviolet Spectral Images of the Vela Supernova Remnant: Supplements and Comparisons with other Wavelength Images
• A Search for Pulsed Very High-Energy Gamma Rays from Thirteen Young Pulsars in Archival VERITAS Data
• Searching for Debris Disks around Isolated Pulsars
• The Progenitor of the Vela Pulsar
• Chandra Observations of the field containing HESS J1616-508
• Revisiting Pulsar Velocities Using Gaia Data Release 2
• Unveiling Vela - Time Variability of Na I D lines in the Direction of the Vela Supernova Remnant
• Interstellar reddening towards six small areas in Puppis-Vela
• Unveiling Vela -- Variability of Interstellar Lines in the Direction of the Vela Supernova Remnant III. Na D and Ca II K
• Natal kicks of compact objects
• A Revisit of the Two-Pole Caustic Model for GeV Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Pulsars
• The Vela pulsar and its pulsar wind nebula Vela-X using 13 years of Fermi-LAT Observations
• A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154
• Implications of post-kick jets in core collapse supernovae
• 2FHL J0826.1-4500: Discovery of a possible shock-cloud interaction on the Western edge of the Vela SNR
• VLBI Observation of Microquasar Cyg X-3 during an X-ray State Transition from Soft to Hard in the 2007 May-June Flare
• On the Gamma-ray Nebula of Vela Pulsar. II. the Soft Spectrum of the Extended Radio Nebula
• CANGAROO-III observation of TeV gamma rays from the unidentified gamma-ray source HESS J1614-518
• Probing magneto-ionic microstructure towards the Vela pulsar using a prototype SKA-Low station
• Reanalysis of Data Taken by the CANGAROO 3.8 Meter Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope: PSR B1706-44, SN 1006, and Vela
• A search for gravitational waves associated with the August 2006 timing glitch of the Vela pulsar
• A Census of Pulsars in Possible Association with Galactic Open Clusters
• Constraints on gravitational waves from the 2024 Vela pulsar glitch
• Constraint on Lorentz invariance violation from Vela pulsar
• Search of nearby resolved neutron stars among optical sources
• Constraints on Weak Supernova Kicks from Observed Pulsar Velocities
• Prospects for detecting and localizing short-duration transient gravitational waves from glitching neutron stars without electromagnetic counterparts
• GeV emission in the region of Vela: a new view of the supernova remnant
• The Fast Radio Burst-emitting magnetar SGR 1935+2154 -- proper motion and variability from long-term Hubble Space Telescope monitoring