A Fully-integrated Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometer with Nanotesla Sensitivity

Abstract

Ensemble diamond nitrogen-vacancy (DNV) centers have emerged as a promising platform for precise earth-field vector magnetic sensing, particularly in applications that require high mobility. Nevertheless, integrating all control utilities into a compact form has proven challenging, thus far limiting the sensitivity of mobile DNV magnetometers to the uT-level. This study introduces a fully integrated DNV magnetometer that encompasses all the essential components typically found in traditional platforms, while maintaining compact dimensions of approximately 13 cm * 26 cm. In contrast to previous efforts, we successfully address these challenges by integrating a high-power laser, a lock-in amplifier, and a digitally-modulated microwave source. These home-made components show comparable performance with commercial devices under our circumstance, resulting in an optimal sensitivity of 2.14 nT/sqrt{Hz}. The limitations in this system as well as possible future improvements are discussed. This work paves the way for the use of DNV magnetometry in cost-effective, mobile unmanned aerial vehicles, facilitating a wide range of practical applications.

7 pages,5 figures

References in corpus (25)

• Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond
• Sensitivity Optimization for NV-Diamond Magnetometry
• Optical magnetic detection of single-neuron action potentials using quantum defects in diamond
• High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Using Solid-State Spins
• Simultaneous Broadband Vector Magnetometry Using Solid-State Spins
• Imaging stress and magnetism at high pressures using a nanoscale quantum sensor
• Micrometer-scale Magnetic Imaging of Geological Samples Using a Quantum Diamond Microscope
• Continuous-wave room-temperature diamond maser
• CMOS-Integrated Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Quantum Sensor
• Efficient photon detection from color centers in a diamond optical waveguide
• Diamond magnetometer enhanced by ferrite flux concentrators
• Mapping the Microscale Origins of MRI Contrast with Subcellular NV Diamond Magnetometry
• Nanoscale electrical conductivity imaging using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Technical Review: Imaging weak magnetic field patterns on the nanometer-scale and its application to 2D materials
• Diamond magnetometry and gradiometry towards subpicotesla DC field measurement
• Miniature cavity-enhanced diamond magnetometer
• Zero-field magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond
• Diamond magnetic microscopy of malarial hemozoin nanocrystals
• Sub-nanotesla magnetometry with a fibre-coupled diamond sensor
• Multiplexed sensing of magnetic field and temperature in real time using a nitrogen vacancy spin ensemble in diamond
• Fiber-coupled Diamond Magnetometry with an Unshielded 30 pT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ Sensitivity
• Efficient nitrogen-vacancy centers' fluorescence excitation and collection from micrometer-sized diamond by a tapered optical fiber
• Optimisation of a diamond nitrogen vacancy centre magnetometer for sensing of biological signals
• Metal-Dielectric Antennas for Efficient Photon Collection from Diamond Color Centers
• Mixed-signal data acquisition system for optically detected magnetic resonance of solid-state spins