The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping H$\alpha$+[NII] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching $\sim$4 Rvir

Abstract

The Fornax cluster, the second-largest galaxy cluster within 20 Mpc, presents an ideal environment for studying environmental effects on galaxy evolution. Utilizing data from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS), this study explores the H$\alpha$+[NII] emission maps across an area of approximately 208 square degrees around NGC 1399. For such, a dedicated semi-automated pipeline, Pixel-to-Pixel Emission Line Estimate (PELE), was developed to generate emission line maps by processing S-PLUS images using the Three Filter Method. A morphological analysis was conducted using the ASTROMORPHLIB package to determine whether H$\alpha$+[NII] emitters exhibit perturbed features. The study successfully detected 77 H$\alpha$+[NII] emitters with $r<18$ mag, extending to four times the virial radius of the Fornax cluster. PELE demonstrated its ability to recover flux down to 2e-17 erg s${}^{-1}$ cm${}^{-2}$ when compared to H$\alpha$ maps from MUSE/VLT. Among the emitters, 25% are early-type galaxies (ETG) and 75% late-type galaxies (LTG). Signs of morphological perturbation or merger activity are observed in 44% of the LTG and in three ETG located beyond the cluster's virial radius. A significant fraction (91%) of the emitters are identified as recent infallers, primarily located in the northwestern region of the cluster, while others are associated with the infalling group Fornax A in the southwest. Disturbed, low-mass galaxies at larger cluster-centric distances provide evidence of galaxies begin transforming before entering the main cluster. This study demonstrates S-PLUS's effectiveness in detecting emitters, whose distribution reflects the Fornax cluster's assembly history, with LTG linked to recent infall from the field, possibly along a Fornax-Eridanus filament, and ETG may have evolved prior to entry.

Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics on 19/05/2025

References in corpus (47)

• HyperLEDA. III. The catalogue of extragalactic distances
• The lifecycle of molecular clouds in nearby star-forming disc galaxies
• The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Deep Medium-Band optical imaging and high quality 32-band photometric redshifts in the ECDF-S
• LoCuSS: The slow quenching of star formation in cluster galaxies and the need for pre-processing
• HiZELS: a high redshift survey of H-alpha emitters. I: the cosmic star-formation rate and clustering at z=2.23
• The ALHAMBRA Project: A large area multi medium-band optical and NIR photometric survey
• Quenched fractions in the IllustrisTNG simulations: comparison with observations and other theoretical models
• The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS). IV: The role of the cluster environment on galaxy evolution
• The influence of the environmental history on quenching star formation in a $\Lambda$CDM universe
• The H-alpha Luminosity Function and Star Formation Rate Volume Density at z=0.8 from the NEWFIRM H-alpha Survey
• Satellite quenching timescales in clusters from projected phase space measurements matched to simulated orbits
• The Fornax 3D project: unveiling the thick disk origin in FCC 170: signs of accretion?
• Physical properties of SDSS satellite galaxies in projected phase-space
• The GOGREEN Survey: A deep stellar mass function of cluster galaxies at 1.0<z<1.4 and the complex nature of satellite quenching
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with VST. VI. Optical properties of the dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• Ram pressure stripping of the multiphase ISM in the Virgo cluster spiral galaxy NGC 4438
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. VIII. Connecting the accretion history with the cluster density
• The Fornax3D project: Tracing the assembly history of the cluster from the kinematic and line-strength maps
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST XI. The search for signs of preprocessing between the Fornax main cluster and Fornax A group
• A blind ATCA HI survey of the Fornax galaxy cluster: properties of the HI detections
• The Fornax 3D project: Thick disks in a cluster environment
• The GOGREEN and GCLASS Surveys: First Data Release
• Characterization of ICM Temperature Distributions of 62 Galaxy Clusters with XMM-Newton
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. IX. The catalog of sources in the FDS area, with an example study for globular clusters and background galaxies
• The flickering nuclear activity of Fornax A
• A MeerKAT view of pre-processing in the Fornax A group
• The Fornax3D project: Assembly histories of lenticular galaxies from a combined dynamical and population orbital analysis
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. X. The assembly history of the bright galaxies and intra-group light in the Fornax A subgroup
• The GOGREEN survey: Transition Galaxies and The Evolution of Environmental Quenching
• The Role of Groups in Galaxy Evolution: compelling evidence of pre-processing out to the turnaround radius of clusters
• MUSE sneaks a peek at extreme ram-pressure stripping events - IV. Hydrodynamic and gravitational interactions in the Blue Infalling Group
• A contribution to the selection of emission-line galaxies using narrow-band filters in the optical airglow windows
• Star Formation Suppresion by Tidal Removal of Cold Molecular Gas from an Intermediate-Redshift Massive Post-Starburst Galaxy
• Too dense to go through: The importance of low-mass clusters for satellite quenching
• A large, deep 3 deg${}^2$ survey of H$\alpha$, [OIII], and [OII] emitters from LAGER: constraining luminosity functions
• CO($J$=1-0) mapping survey of 64 galaxies in the Fornax cluster with the ALMA Morita array
• MUSE sneaks a peek at extreme ram-pressure stripping events -- V. Towards a complete view of the galaxy cluster A1367
• The GOGREEN Survey: Constraining the Satellite Quenching Timescale in Massive Clusters at $\mathbf{z}\gtrsim 1$
• Fornax 3D project: automated detection of planetary nebulae in the centres of early-type galaxies and first results
• The Fornax3D project: The environmental impact on gas metallicity gradients in Fornax cluster galaxies
• The Fornax3D project: The assembly history of massive early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster from deep imaging and integral field spectroscopy
• Exploring Galaxy Evolution Time-Scales in Clusters: Insights from the Projected Phase Space
• Estimating stellar population and emission line properties in S-PLUS galaxies
• Diagnostic diagrams for ram-pressure stripped candidates
• The Star Formation Across Cosmic Time (SFACT) Survey. I. Survey Description and Early Results from a New Narrow-Band Emission-Line Galaxy Survey
• Are early-type galaxies quenched by present-day environment? A study of dwarfs in the Fornax Cluster
• Spatially resolved stellar populations and emission lines properties in nearby galaxies with J-PLUS -- I. Method and first results for the M101 group

Cited by in corpus (2)

• The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): An extragalactic catalog covering $\sim$ 5 virial radii around NGC 1399 with galaxy properties
• Analysis of spatially resolved stellar populations and emission line properties in nearby galaxies with J-PLUS data. II-Results for the M51 group and first comparison with the M101 group