Retrieving interior properties of hot Jupiters with Love numbers and atmospheric measurements

Abstract

Understanding exoplanet interiors is crucial for interpreting atmospheric observations and constraining their evolution and formation. However, due to limited observational constraints, interiors structures remain poorly understood. In this work, we investigate how new observational constraints, such as the Love number and atmospheric metallicity, improve our ability to characterize the interiors of hot Jupiters, planets for which Love number measurements are most feasible. We assess the precision required in Love number measurements to derive interior properties using both a simple two-layer homogeneous model and a more complex dilute core model. To account for observational uncertainties, we implement a retrieval framework. Our results show that accurately constraining core mass and bulk metallicity requires a high-precision Love number measurement, better than 40% for a homogeneous model and 15% for a dilute core model, along with an atmospheric metallicity measurement. We apply our retrieval framework to five planets with observed Love numbers, of which only WASP-19Ab has both an atmospheric metallicity constraint and a highly precise Love number measurement, with a precision of 12%. For this flagship planet, both models confirm the presence of a core, although we cannot yet distinguish between a compact core or diluted core. With the homogeneous model, we find a core mass fraction of $0.21_{-0.04}^{+0.05}$, corresponding to $79_{-18}^{+21}$ $M_{\mathrm{earth}}$. Upcoming JWST observations are expected to provide high-precision Love number measurements and precise atmospheric data, offering new insights into the structure and composition of gas giant interiors.

arXiv comment17 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (56)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Multimodal nested sampling: an efficient and robust alternative to MCMC methods for astronomical data analysis
• X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
• Atmospheric Circulation and Tides of "51Peg b-like" Planets
• The Mass-Metallicity Relation for Giant Planets
• Comparing Jupiter interior structure models to Juno gravity measurements and the role of a dilute core
• Evolution of "51Peg b-like" Planets
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets
• Inflating Hot Jupiters With Ohmic Dissipation
• The Heavy Element Masses of Extrasolar Giant Planets, Revealed
• Lack of Inflated Radii for Kepler Giant Planet Candidates Receiving Modest Stellar Irradiation
• Probing the Interiors of Very Hot Jupiters Using Transit Light Curves
• Bulk Composition of GJ 1214b and other sub-Neptune exoplanets
• Magnetic Drag on Hot Jupiter Atmospheric Winds
• Bayesian Analysis of Hot Jupiter Radius Anomalies: Evidence for Ohmic Dissipation?
• Ab Initio Equation of State for Hydrogen-Helium Mixtures with Recalibration of the Giant-Planet Mass-Radius Relation
• A non-grey analytical model for irradiated atmospheres. I: Derivation
• Evolution of Ohmically Heated Hot Jupiters
• A broadband thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b
• Advection of potential temperature in the atmosphere of irradiated exoplanets: a robust mechanism to explain radius inflation
• Thermal Tides in Fluid Extrasolar Planets
• The Mechanical Greenhouse: Burial of Heat by Turbulence in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres
• Ground-based near-UV observations of 15 transiting exoplanets: Constraints on their atmospheres and no evidence for asymmetrical transits
• A non-grey analytical model for irradiated atmospheres. II: Analytical vs. numerical solutions
• Determination of the Interior Structure of Transiting Planets in Multiple-Planet Systems
• WASP-103b: a new planet at the edge of tidal disruption
• Jupiter internal structure: the effect of different equations of state
• Jupiter's inhomogeneous envelope
• Ab initio based equation of state of dense water for planetary and exoplanetary modeling
• Evidence of Three Mechanisms Explaining the Radius Anomaly of Hot Jupiters
• Ohmic Dissipation in the Interiors of Hot Jupiters
• Extended Heat Deposition in Hot Jupiters: Application to Ohmic Heating
• Idealised simulations of the deep atmosphere of hot jupiters: Deep, hot, adiabats as a robust solution to the radius inflation problem
• Ohmic Heating Suspends, not Reverses, the Cooling Contraction of Hot Jupiters
• TraMoS V. Updated ephemeris and multi-epoch monitoring of the hot Jupiters WASP-18Ab, WASP-19b, and WASP-77Ab
• Structure and Evolution of Internally Heated Hot Jupiters
• Dynamical Constraints on the Core Mass of Hot Jupiter HAT-P-13b
• Precise photometric transit follow-up observations of five close-in exoplanets : update on their physical properties
• On the degeneracy of the tidal Love number k2 in multi-layer planetary models: application to Saturn and GJ436b
• Detection of the tidal deformation of WASP-103b at $3\sigma$ with CHEOPS
• ExoMDN: Rapid characterization of exoplanet interior structures with Mixture Density Networks
• An estimate of the $k_2$ Love number of WASP-18Ab from its radial velocity measurements
• The Gas Composition and Deep Cloud Structure of Jupiter's Great Red Spot
• Constraining the interior of extrasolar giant planets with the tidal Love number k_2 using the example of HAT-P-13b
• Retrieval of the fluid Love number $k_2$ in exoplanetary transit curves
• The Origin of Heavy Element Content Trend in Giant Planets via Core Accretion
• Exoplanet Interior Retrievals: core masses and metallicities from atmospheric abundances
• Matrix-propagator approach to compute fluid Love numbers and applicability to extrasolar planets
• The Atmosphere and Interior Structure of HAT-P-13b from Spitzer Secondary Eclipses
• Giant exoplanet composition: Why do the hydrogen-helium equation of state and interior structure matter?
• Why is it So Hot in Here? Exploring Population Trends in $\text{Spitzer}$ Thermal Emission Observations of Hot Jupiters using Planet-Specific Self-Consistent Atmospheric Models
• Tidal Response and Shape of Hot Jupiters
• HST/STIS capability for Love number measurement of WASP-121b
• Evidence of apsidal motion and a possible co-moving companion star detected in the WASP-19 system
• The bulk metallicity of giant planets around M stars

Cited by in corpus (1)

• How Internal Structure Shapes the Metallicity of Giant Exoplanets