Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in Spin Supersolid Candidate Na${}_2$BaCo(PO${}_4$)${}_2$

Abstract

Supersolid, an exotic quantum state of matter that consists of particles forming an incompressible solid structure while simultaneously showing superfluidity of zero viscosity [1], is one of the long-standing pursuits in fundamental research [2, 3]. Although the initial report of ${}^4$He supersolid turned out to be an artifact [4], this intriguing quantum matter has inspired enthusiastic investigations into ultracold quantum gases [5-8]. Nevertheless, the realization of supersolidity in condensed matter remains elusive. Here we find evidence for a quantum magnetic analogue of supersolid -- the spin supersolid -- in the recently synthesized triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Na${}_2$BaCo(PO${}_4$)${}_2$ [9]. Notably, a giant magnetocaloric effect related to the spin supersolidity is observed in the demagnetization cooling process, manifesting itself as two prominent valley-like regimes, with the lowest temperature attaining below 100 mK. Not only is there an experimentally determined series of critical fields but the demagnetization cooling profile also shows excellent agreement with the theoretical simulations with an easy-axis Heisenberg model. Neutron diffractions also successfully locate the proposed spin supersolid phases by revealing the coexistence of three-sublattice spin solid order and interlayer incommensurability indicative of the spin superfluidity. Thus, our results indicate a strong entropic effect of the spin supersolid phase in a frustrated quantum magnet and open up a viable and promising avenue for applications in sub-Kelvin refrigeration, especially in the context of persistent concerns about helium shortages [10, 11].

arXiv comment19 pages, 13 figures

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• Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquids
• Double Magnon-Roton Excitations in the Triangular-Lattice Spin Supersolid
• Phase Diagram of the Easy-Axis Triangular-Lattice $J_1-J_2$ Model
• Continuum of spin excitations in an ordered magnet
• Rare-Earth Chalcogenides: An Inspiring Playground For Exploring Frustrated Magnetism
• Simulating Spin Dynamics of Supersolid States in a Quantum Ising Magnet
• Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration with antiferromagnetically ordered NaGdP${}_2$O${}_7$
• Anomalous continuum scattering and higher-order van Hove singularity in the strongly anisotropic S = 1/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet
• Observation of supersolid-like sound modes in a driven quantum gas
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• Wannier states and spin supersolid physics in the triangular antiferromagnet K${}_2$Co(SeO${}_3$)${}_2$
• Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of triangular-lattice transition-metal phosphates
• Quantum Supercritical Regime with Universal Magnetocaloric Scaling in Ising Magnets
• Zeeman split Kramers doublets in spin-supersolid candidate Na${}_2$BaCo(PO${}_4$)${}_2$
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• U(1) Dirac quantum spin liquid candidate in triangular-lattice antiferromagnet CeMgAl${}_{11}$O${}_{19}$
• Easy-axis Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice: from supersolid to gapped solid
• Supersolidity in Rydberg tweezer arrays
• NMR study of supersolid phases in the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Na2BaCo(PO4)2
• Spiral spin liquid in a frustrated honeycomb antiferromagnet: A single-crystal study of GdZnPO
• Successive magnetic transitions in the spin-5/2 easy-axis triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Na${}_2$BaMn(PO${}_4$)${}_2$: A neutron diffraction study
• From continuum excitations to sharp magnons via transverse magnetic field in the spin-1/2 Ising-like triangular lattice antiferromagnet Na2BaCo(PO4)2
• Structural and magnetic characterization of CeTa${}_7$O${}_{19}$ and YbTa${}_7$O${}_{19}$ with two-dimensional pseudospin-1/2 triangular lattice
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• Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior induced giant magnetocaloric effect in distorted kagome lattice Gd${}_3$BWO${}_9$
• Anomalous dispersion of shear waves in dipolar supersolids
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• Residual entropy from temperature incremental Monte Carlo method
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• The anisotropic Heisenberg model close to the Ising limit: triangular lattice vs. effective models
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• Exploring Low-Dimensional Magnetism in Cobalt Vanadates, $A$CoV${}_2$O${}_7$~($A$~=~Ca, Sr) : Crystal Growth and Magnetic Properties of Effective Spin-1/2 Zigzag Chains
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