Rare-Earth Chalcogenides: An Inspiring Playground For Exploring Frustrated Magnetism

Abstract

The rare-earth chalcogenide $AREC{h}_2$ family ($A=$ alkali metal or monovalent ions, $RE=$ rare earth, $Ch=$ chalcogen) has emerged as a paradigmatic platform for studying frustrated magnetism on a triangular lattice. The family members exhibit a variety of ground states, from quantum spin liquid to exotic ordered phases, providing fascinating insight into quantum magnetism. Their simple crystal structure and chemical tunability enable systematic exploration of competing interactions in quantum magnets. Recent neutron scattering and thermodynamic studies have revealed rich phase diagrams and unusual excitations, refining theoretical models of frustrated systems. This review provides a succinct introduction to $AREC{h}_2$ research. It summarizes key findings on crystal structures, single-ion physics, magnetic Hamiltonians, ground states, and low-energy excitations. By highlighting current developments and open questions, we aim to catalyze further exploration and deeper physical understanding on this frontier of quantum magnetism.

15 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (78)

• Quantum Spin Liquids
• Quantum Spin Liquid States
• Kitaev-Heisenberg Model on Honeycomb Lattice: Possible Exotic Phases in Iridium Oxides $A_2$IrO${}_3$
• Continuous excitations of the triangular-lattice quantum spin liquid YbMgGaO4
• Rare-earth triangular lattice spin liquid: a single-crystal study of YbMgGaO${}_4$
• Gapless quantum spin liquid ground state in the two-dimensional spin-1/2 triangular antiferromagnet YbMgGaO${}_4$
• Spin liquid phase of the $S=\frac{1}{2}$ $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice
• Field-tunable quantum disordered ground state in the triangular lattice antiferromagnet NaYbO${}_2$
• Disorder-Induced Mimicry of a Spin Liquid in YbMgGaO${}_4$
• $\mu$SR evidence for the U(1) quantum spin liquid ground state in the triangular antiferromagnet YbMgGaO${}_4$
• Rare-earth chalcogenides: A large family of triangular lattice spin liquid candidate
• Crystalline Electric Field Randomness in the Triangular Lattice Spin-Liquid YbMgGaO${}_4$
• Quantum Phase Diagram of the Triangular-Lattice XXZ Model in a Magnetic Field
• NaYbS${}_2$ - a new planar spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ triangular-lattice magnet and putative spin liquid
• Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in Spin Supersolid Candidate Na${}_2$BaCo(PO${}_4$)${}_2$
• Gapless spin-liquid state in the structurally disorder-free triangular antiferromagnet NaYbO${}_2$
• An anisotropic spin model of strong spin-orbit-coupled triangular antiferromagnets
• Anisotropic field-induced ordering in the triangular-lattice quantum spin liquid NaYbSe${}_2$
• Topography of Spin Liquids on a Triangular Lattice
• Field-induced instability of the quantum-spin-liquid ground state in the $J_{\mathrm{eff}}=\frac{1}{2}$ triangular-lattice compound NaYbO${}_2$
• Anisotropic-Exchange Magnets on a Triangular Lattice: Spin Waves, Accidental Degeneracies, and Dual Spin Liquids
• Quantum spin liquid ground state in the disorder free triangular lattice NaYbS${}_2$
• Spinon Fermi surface spin liquid in a triangular lattice antiferromagnet NaYbSe${}_2$
• Strong quantum fluctuations in a quantum spin liquid candidate with a Co-based triangular lattice
• Witnessing quantum criticality and entanglement in the triangular antiferromagnet KYbSe${}_2$
• Field-induced magnetic transition and spin fluctuation in quantum spin liquid candidate CsYbSe${}_2$
• Gapped magnetic ground state in quantum-spin-liquid candidate $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)${}_2$-Cu${}_2$(CN)${}_3$
• Absence of magnetic thermal conductivity in the quantum spin liquid candidate EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2 -- revisited
• A Class of Compounds Featuring Frustrated Triangular Magnetic Lattice CsRESe${}_2$ (RE=La-Lu): Quantum Spin-Liquid Candidates
• Spin excitations in the frustrated triangular lattice antiferromagnet NaYbO${}_2$
• Intertwined dipolar and multipolar order in the triangular-lattice magnet TmMgGaO${}_4$
• Ground-state phase diagram of an anisotropic spin-$1/2$ model on the triangular lattice
• Crystalline Electric-Field Excitations in Quantum Spin Liquids Candidate $NaYbS{e}_2$
• Spin Supersolidity in Nearly Ideal Easy-axis Triangular Quantum Antiferromagnet Na${}_2$BaCo(PO${}_4$)${}_2$
• Rearrangement of uncorrelated valence bonds evidenced by low-energy spin excitations in YbMgGaO4
• Thermal Hall effects in quantum magnets
• Yb delafossites: unique exchange frustration of 4f spin 1/2 moments on a perfect triangular lattice
• Mott Transition and Superconductivity in Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate NaYbSe${}_2$
• Selective measurements of intertwined multipolar orders: non-Kramers doublets on a triangular lattice
• Crystal field Hamiltonian and anisotropy in KErSe2 and CsErSe2
• Field-Induced Spin Excitations in the Spin-1/2 Triangular-Lattice Antiferromagnet CsYbSe${}_2$
• Complete field-induced spectral response of the spin-1/2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet CsYbSe${}_2$
• Intrinsic quantum Ising model on a triangular lattice magnet TmMgGaO${}_4$ and beyond
• LiYbSe2: Frustrated Magnetism in a New Pyrochlore Lattice
• Electron Spin Resonance on the spin-1/2 triangular magnet NaYbS2
• Synthesis, magnetization and heat capacity of triangular lattice materials NaErSe${}_2$ and KErSe${}_2$
• Witnessing Entanglement and Quantum Correlations in Condensed Matter: A Review
• Non-linear magnons and exchange Hamiltonians of delafossite proximate quantum spin liquids
• Single-site magnetic anisotropy governed by inter-layer cation charge imbalance in triangular-lattice AYbX${}_2$
• Synthesis and Anisotropic Magnetism in Quantum Spin Liquid Candidates $A$YbSe${}_2$ ($A$ = K and Rb)
• Effective Magnetic Hamiltonian at Finite Temperatures for Rare Earth Chalcogenides
• Spin, Orbital and Charge Order at the Interface between Correlated Oxides
• Presence and absence of itinerant gapless excitations in the quantum spin liquid candidate EtMe${}_3$Sb[Pd(dmit)${}_2$]${}_2$
• Long-range magnetic order in the $\tilde{S}=1/2$ triangular lattice antiferromagnet KCeS${}_2$
• Low-energy Spin Dynamics of Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate $NaYbS{e}_2$
• Magnetic field effects on the quantum spin liquid behaviors of NaYbS${}_2$
• Quantum Spin Dynamics Due to Strong Kitaev Interactions in the Triangular-Lattice Antiferromagnet CsCeSe${}_2$
• Stripe-yz magnetic order in the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet KCeS2
• Stripe antiferromagnetic ground state of ideal triangular lattice KErSe${}_2$
• Magnetic properties and signatures of moment ordering in triangular lattice antiferromagnet KCeO${}_2$
• Exact diagonalization study of the anisotropic Heisenberg model related to YbMgGaO${}_4$
• Exchange renormalized crystal field excitation in a quantum Ising magnet KTmSe${}_2$
• Diluting a triangular-lattice spin liquid: Synthesis and characterization of NaYb${}_{1-x}$Lu${}_x$S${}_2$ single crystals
• Tracking the evolution from isolated dimers to many-body entanglement in NaLu${}_x$Yb${}_{1-x}$Se${}_2$
• Nearly-Resonant Crystalline-Phononic Coupling in Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate CsYbSe${}_2$
• Stripe magnetic order and field-induced quantum criticality in the perfect triangular-lattice antiferromagnet CsCeSe${}_2$
• Spin-wave dynamics in the KCeS2 delafossite: A theoretical description of powder inelastic neutron-scattering data
• Electronic and structural properties of RbCeX${}_2$ (X${}_2$: O${}_2$, S${}_2$, SeS, Se${}_2$, TeSe, Te${}_2$)
• Role of alkaline metal in the rare-earth triangular antiferromagnet KYbO${}_2$
• Magnetism of $\mathrm{NaYb}{\mathrm{S}}_2$: From finite temperatures to ground state
• Stripe order and spin dynamics in triangular-lattice antiferromagnet KErSe${}_2$: A single-crystal study with a theoretical description
• Quantitative investigation of the short-range magnetic correlations in candidate quantum spin liquid NaYbO${}_2$
• Pressure induced metallization and possible unconventional superconductivity in spin liquid $NaYbS{e}_2$
• Spectrum and low-temperature bulk properties of triangular quantum spin liquid candidate NaYbSe${}_2$
• Finite Temperature Magnetism in the Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet KErTe2
• Structural and Electronic Properties of a Triangular Lattice Magnet NaPrTe${}_2$ Compared with NaNdTe${}_2$ and NaTbTe${}_2$
• Magnetic field-temperature phase diagram of spin-1/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet KYbSe${}_2$
• Entanglement Randomness and Gapped Itinerant Carriers in a Frustrated Quantum Magnet

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Crystal-Field--Driven Magnetoelectricity in the Triangular Quantum Magnet CeMgAl${}_{11}$O${}_{19}$
• Gapless spinon excitations emerging from a multipolar transverse field in the triangular-lattice Ising antiferromagnet NaTmSe2
• Quantum selection of order and dynamic properties of Kitaev-Heisenberg ferromagnet on a triangular lattice
• Anomalous enhancement of magnetism by nonmagnetic doping in the honeycomb-lattice antiferromagnet ErOCl
• Emergent Dispersive Multipolar Excitations in NaErSe${}_2$
• 5d-mediated indirect exchange and effective spin Hamiltonians in Ce triangular-lattice delafossites
• Finite Spinon Density-of-States in Triangular-Lattice Delafossite TlYbSe${}_2$