The possible long-term periodic variability of the extremely luminous quasar WISE J090924.01+000211.1

Abstract

The extremely luminous infrared galaxy (ELIRG), WISE J090924.01+000211.1 (hereafter; WISE J0909+0002, $z=1.87$) is an extraordinary object with a quasar aspect. This study performs monitoring observations of WISE J0909+0002 with the 105 cm Murikabushi telescope, Okayama and Akeno 50 cm telescopes/MITSuME ($g^{\prime }$, $R_{\mathrm{c}}$, and $I_{\mathrm{c}}$ bands), and the SaCRA 55 cm telescope/MuSaSHI ($r$, $i$, and $z$ bands). We obtain the following results by combining the UV/optical light curves of the CRTS, Pan-STARRS, and ZTF archive data, and our observational data: (1) the light curves of WISE J0909+0002 present quasi-periodic (sinusoidal) oscillations with the rest-frame period of $\sim$ 660$-$689 day; (2) the structure functions of WISE J0909+0002 do not show a damped random walk (DRW) trend; (3) the mock DRW light curves present periodic-like trend on rare occasions in 10000 simulations; (4) the relativistic boost scenario is favored, since the relation between variability amplitude and power-law slope ratio is consistent with the theoretical prediction of this scenario, and a substantial parameter space exists between the inclination angles and the black hole mass; (5) the circumbinary disk model is difficult to explain the spectral energy distribution of our target; (6) the significant radio flux density of WISE J0909+0002 is not detected from the VLA FIRST Survey, thus the radio jet precession scenario is ruled out. From our results, the Doppler boost scenario is likely as a cause of the periodic variability, consequently the quasi-periodic oscillations in WISE J0909+0002 is possibly interpreted by a supermassive blackhole binary. Additional observations to investigate the continuity of the periodic trend would bring new insights into mechanisms of the quasi-periodic oscillations and/or ELIRGs.

arXiv comment19 pages, 11 figures, published by publication in PASJ

References in corpus (73)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
• K-corrections and filter transformations in the ultraviolet, optical, and near infrared
• A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies: I. Galaxy Mergers & Quasar Activity
• A Catalog of Quasar Properties from SDSS DR7
• First Results from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey
• Understanding the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram
• Spectral Energy Distributions and Multiwavelength Selection of Type 1 Quasars
• The Pan-STARRS1 Photometric System
• General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Magnetically Choked Accretion Flows around Black Holes
• Are the Variations in Quasar Optical Flux Driven by Thermal Fluctuations?
• Modeling the Time Variability of SDSS Stripe 82 Quasars as a Damped Random Walk
• Dynamics of Line-Driven Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei II: Effects of Disk Radiation
• The Ensemble Photometric Variability of ~25000 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Measuring the broadband power spectra of active galactic nuclei with RXTE
• A Catalog of Broad Absorption Line Quasars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5
• Binary Black Hole Accretion From a Circumbinary Disk: Gas Dynamics Inside the Central Cavity
• A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity
• Quantifying Quasar Variability As Part of a General Approach To Classifying Continuously Varying Sources
• An Alternative Approach To Measuring Reverberation Lags in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Last of FIRST: The Final Catalog and Source Identifications
• A systematic search for close supermassive black hole binaries in the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey
• False periodicities in quasar time-domain surveys
• Continuum and Emission-Line Properties of Broad Absorption Line Quasars
• A Population of Short-Period Variable Quasars from PTF as Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates
• Probing the Outer Galactic halo with RR Lyrae from the Catalina Surveys
• A strong redshift dependence of the broad absorption line quasar fraction
• Relativistic boost as the cause of periodicity in a massive black-hole binary candidate
• Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxies
• The power of infrared AGN selection in mergers: a theoretical study
• The Most Luminous Galaxies Discovered by WISE
• The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• Structure Function Analysis of Long Term Quasar Variability
• On the variability of quasars: a link between Eddington ratio and optical variability?
• Evolution of the Nuclear Accretion Disk Emission in NGC 1097: Getting Closer to the Black Hole
• Observational Signatures of Binary Supermassive Black Holes
• Binary Black Hole Accretion During Inspiral and Merger
• The Variability of Quasars. II. Frequency Dependence
• Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey
• A quasi-periodic oscillation in the blazar J1359+4011
• The Unanticipated Phenomenology of the Blazar PKS~2131$-$021: A Unique Super-Massive Black Hole Binary Candidate
• Dynamics of warped accretion discs
• The Keck Baryonic Structure Survey: Using foreground/background galaxy pairs to trace the structure and kinematics of circumgalactic neutral hydrogen at $z\sim 2$
• A probable Milli-Parsec Supermassive Binary Black Hole in the Nearest Quasar Mrk 231
• Evidence for AGN Feedback in the Broad Absorption Lines and Reddening of Mrk 231
• Evidence that FeLoBALs may signify the transition between an ultraluminous infrared galaxy and a quasar
• Did ASAS-SN Kill the Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidate PG1302-102?
• Deep GEMINI GMOS-IFU spectroscopy of BAL QSOs: I. Decoupling the BAL, QSO, starburst, NLR, supergiant bubbles and galactic wind in Mrk 231
• Testing the relativistic Doppler boost hypothesis for supermassive black hole binary candidates
• A Possible ~20 yr Periodicity in Long-term Optical Photometric and Spectral Variations of the Nearby Radio-Quiet Active Galactic Nucleus Ark 120
• A Degeneracy in DRW Modelling of AGN Light Curves
• The Surprising Absence of Absorption in the Far-Ultraviolet Spectrum of Mrk 231
• Modeling line-driven disk wind for broad absorption lines of quasars
• The optical variability of Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidate PG1302-102: Periodicity and perturbation in the light curve
• A structure function analysis of VST-COSMOS AGN
• A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). II. Physical Properties derived from the SED Fitting with Optical, Infrared, and Radio Data
• The fraction and kinematics of broad absorption line quasars across cosmic time
• Evolution of quasar stochastic variability along its main sequence
• HST and Ground-Based Spectroscopy of Quasar Outflows: From Mini-BALs to BALs
• Discovery of an extremely-luminous dust-obscured galaxy observed with SDSS, WISE, JCMT, and SMA
• Testing the relativistic Doppler boost hypothesis for the binary candidate quasar PG1302-102 with multi-band Swift data
• Origin and evolution of dust-obscured galaxies in galaxy mergers
• Spectral Energy Distributions of Candidate Periodically-Variable Quasars: Testing the Binary Black Hole Hypothesis
• SOFIA/HAWC+ View of an Extremely Luminous Infrared Galaxy, WISE1013+6112
• Evidence for a milliparsec-separation Supermassive Binary Black Hole with quasar microlensing
• A Multi-wavelength Analysis of Binary-AGN Candidate PSO J334.2028+01.4075
• Broad-line region configuration of the supermassive binary black hole candidate PG1302-102 in the relativistic Doppler boosting scenario
• Detecting the periodicity of highly irregularly sampled light-curves with Gaussian processes: the case of SDSSJ025214.67-002813.7
• A 3.8yr optical quasi-periodic oscillations in blue quasar SDSS J132144+033055 through combined light curves from CSS and ZTF
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): An X-ray bright, extremely luminous infrared galaxy at z = 1.87
• X-ray view of a merging supermassive black hole binary candidate SDSSJ1430+2303: Results from the first ~200 days of observations
• From binary to singular: the AGN PSO J334.2028+1.4075 under the high-resolution scope
• The Variability of the Broad Line Profiles of SDSS J1430+2303