A seamless graphene spin valve based on proximity to van der Waals magnet Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$

Abstract

Pristine graphene is potentially an ideal medium to transport spin information. Proximity effects, where a neighbouring material is used to alter the properties of a material in adjacent (or proximitized) regions, can also be used in graphene to generate and detect spins by acquiring spin-orbit coupling or magnetic exchange coupling. However, the development of seamless spintronic devices that are based uniquely on proximity effects remains challenging. Here, we report a two-dimensional graphene spin valve that is enabled by proximity to the van der Waals magnet Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$. Spin precession measurements show that graphene acquires both spin-orbit coupling and magnetic exchange coupling when interfaced with the Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$. This leads to spin generation by both electrical spin injection and the spin Hall effect, while retaining long-distance spin transport. The simultaneous presence of spin-orbit coupling and magnetic exchange coupling also leads to a sizeable anomalous Hall effect.

21 pages, 4 figures, and Supplementary information

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• Moiré spintronics: Emergent phenomena, material realization and machine learning accelerating discovery
• Gate-tunable charge-spin interconversion in graphene/heavy-metal heterostructures