QCD constraints on isospin-dense matter and the nuclear equation of state

Abstract

Understanding the behavior of dense hadronic matter is a central goal in nuclear physics as it governs the nature and dynamics of astrophysical objects such as supernovae and neutron stars. Because of the non-perturbative nature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), little is known rigorously about hadronic matter in these extreme conditions. Here, lattice QCD calculations are used to compute thermodynamic quantities and the equation of state of QCD over a wide range of isospin chemical potentials with controlled systematic uncertainties. Agreement is seen with chiral perturbation theory when the chemical potential is small. Comparison to perturbative QCD at large chemical potential allows for an estimate of the gap in the superconducting phase, and this quantity is seen to agree with perturbative determinations. Since the partition function for an isospin chemical potential, ${\mu }_I$, bounds the partition function for a baryon chemical potential ${\mu }_B=3{\mu }_I/2$, these calculations also provide rigorous non-perturbative QCD bounds on the symmetric nuclear matter equation of state over a wide range of baryon densities for the first time.

17 pages, 14 figures, updated to journal version

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Cited by in corpus (11)

• From chiral EFT to perturbative QCD: a Bayesian model mixing approach to symmetric nuclear matter
• On the origin of the peak of the sound velocity for isospin imbalanced strongly interacting matter
• Quarkyonic picture of isospin QCD
• Color superconductivity under neutron-star conditions at next-to-leading order
• Chiral effective model of cold and dense two-color QCD: The linear sigma model approach
• Speed of sound peak in isospin QCD: a natural prediction of the Medium Separation Scheme
• Confronting recent light compact star observations with color-flavor locked quark matter
• Microscopic constraints for the equation of state and structure of neutron stars: a Bayesian model mixing framework
• Speed of sound peak in two-color dense QCD: confronting effective models with lattice data
• Thermal quarks and Polyakov loops in two-color dense QCD
• The phases of QCD reached in terrestrial and cosmic colliders