Batch VUV4 Characterization for the SBC-LAr10 scintillating bubble chamber

Abstract

The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration purchased 32 Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for use in SBC-LAr10, a bubble chamber containing 10~kg of liquid argon. A dark-count characterization technique, which avoids the use of a single-photon source, was used at two temperatures to measure the VUV4 SiPMs breakdown voltage ($V_{\text{BD}}$), the SiPM gain ($g_{\text{SiPM}}$), the rate of change of $g_{\text{SiPM}}$ with respect to voltage ($m$), the dark count rate (DCR), and the probability of a correlated avalanche (P${}_{\text{CA}}$) as well as the temperature coefficients of these parameters. A Peltier-based chilled vacuum chamber was developed at Queen's University to cool down the Quads to $233.15\pm 0.2$~K and $255.15\pm 0.2$~K with average stability of $\pm 20$~mK. An analysis framework was developed to estimate $V_{\text{BD}}$ to tens of mV precision and DCR close to Poissonian error. The temperature dependence of $V_{\text{BD}}$ was found to be $56\pm 2$~mV~K${}^{-1}$, and $m$ on average across all Quads was found to be $(459\pm 3(stat.)\pm 23(sys.))\times 10^3{\mathrm{e}}^{-}$~PE${}^{-1}$~V${}^{-1}$. The average DCR temperature coefficient was estimated to be $0.099\pm 0.008$~K${}^{-1}$ corresponding to a reduction factor of 7 for every 20~K drop in temperature. The average temperature dependence of P${}_{\text{CA}}$ was estimated to be $4000\pm 1000$~ppm~K${}^{-1}$. P${}_{\text{CA}}$ estimated from the average across all SiPMs is a better estimator than the P${}_{\text{CA}}$ calculated from individual SiPMs, for all of the other parameters, the opposite is true. All the estimated parameters were measured to the precision required for SBC-LAr10, and the Quads will be used in conditions to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio.

25 pages, 19 figures

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Cited by in corpus (1)

• Demonstrating a broadband Photon Detection Efficiency model on VUV sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers