Fireball anti-nucleosynthesis
arXiv:2402.15581 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.123028
Abstract
The tentative identification of approximately ten relativistic anti-helium cosmic-ray events at AMS-02 would, if confirmed, challenge our understanding of the astrophysical synthesis of heavy anti-nuclei. We propose a novel scenario for the enhanced production of such anti-nuclei that is triggered by isolated, catastrophic injections of large quantities of energetic Standard Model (SM) anti-quarks in our galaxy by physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). We demonstrate that SM anti-nucleosynthetic processes that occur in the resulting rapidly expanding, thermalized fireballs of SM plasma can, for a reasonable range of parameters, produce the reported tentative ratio of anti-helium-3 to anti-helium-4 events at AMS-02, as well as their relativistic boosts. Moreover, we show that this can be achieved without violating anti-deuterium or anti-proton flux constraints for the appropriate anti-helium fluxes. A plausible BSM paradigm for the catastrophic injections is the collision of macroscopic composite dark-matter objects carrying large net anti-baryon number. Such a scenario would require these objects to be cosmologically stable, but to destabilize upon collision, promptly releasing a fraction of their mass energy into SM anti-particles within a tiny volume. We show that, in principle, the injection rate needed to attain the necessary anti-helium fluxes and the energetic conditions required to seed the fireballs appear possible to obtain in such a paradigm. We leave open the question of constructing a BSM particle physics model to realize this, but we suggest two concrete scenarios as promising targets for further investigation.
arXiv comment42 pages, 10 figures, journal version
References in corpus (82)
- The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
- Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Fireball Model
- Gamma-Ray Bursts
- Cosmic-ray propagation and interactions in the Galaxy
- Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: 2015
- A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic Center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty
- Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and Hadronic Decay of Long-Lived Massive Particles
- A distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud that is precise to one per cent
- Measurement of separate cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
- Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
- A novel determination of the local dark matter density
- Primordial Nucleosynthesis: from precision cosmology to fundamental physics
- Secondary antiprotons and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy and heliosphere
- The dark matter density at the Sun's location
- Updated Nucleosynthesis Constraints on Unstable Relic Particles
- The cosmic-ray positron energy spectrum measured by PAMELA
- The 511 keV emission from positron annihilation in the Galaxy
- Primordial Nucleosynthesis for the New Cosmology: Determining Uncertainties and Examining Concordance
- GALPROP WebRun: an internet-based service for calculating galactic cosmic ray propagation and associated photon emissions
- Nuclear Reaction Network for Primordial Nucleosynthesis: a detailed analysis of rates, uncertainties and light nuclei yields
- Gasdynamics of Relativistically Expanding Gamma-Ray Burst Sources: Kinematics, Energetics, Magnetic Fields and Efficiency
- Hydrodynamics of Relativistic Fireballs
- Cosmic-ray electron+positron spectrum from 7 GeV to 2 TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
- On Effective Degrees of Freedom in the Early Universe
- Nuclear Composition of Gamma-Ray Burst Fireballs
- Compact stars made of fermionic dark matter
- Hydrodynamics of a Relativistic Fireball: the Complete Evolution
- Review of strongly-coupled composite dark matter models and lattice simulations
- A Robust Excess in the Cosmic-Ray Antiproton Spectrum: Implications for Annihilating Dark Matter
- Antinuclei in Heavy-Ion Collisions
- A Precision Search for WIMPs with Charged Cosmic Rays
- Dark Quark Nuggets
- Macro Dark Matter
- AlterBBN: A program for calculating the BBN abundances of the elements in alternative cosmologies
- Stable Bound States of Asymmetric Dark Matter
- Novel cosmic-ray electron and positron constraints on MeV dark matter particles
- Fermi-ball dark matter from a first-order phase transition
- Primordial nucleosynthesis and hadronic decay of a massive particle with a relatively short lifetime
- Big Bang Darkleosynthesis
- Do Evaporating Black Holes Form Photospheres?
- Big Bang Synthesis of Nuclear Dark Matter
- Improved BBN constraints on Heavy Neutral Leptons
- Making Asymmetric Dark Matter Gold: Early Universe Synthesis of Nuggets
- Review of the theoretical and experimental status of dark matter identification with cosmic-ray antideuterons
- Prospects to verify a possible dark matter hint in cosmic antiprotons with antideuterons and antihelium
- Nuclear Structure of Bound States of Asymmetric Dark Matter
- Where do the AMS-02 anti-helium events come from?
- Axion-sourced fireballs from supernovae
- Antihelium from Dark Matter
- Detecting Dark Blobs
- Fast Equilibration of Hadrons in an Expanding Fireball
- Yukawa Bound States of a Large Number of Fermions
- Astrophysical Signatures of Asymmetric Dark Matter Bound States
- Metastable GeV-scale particles as a solution to the cosmological lithium problem
- Multimessenger Constraints on Radiatively Decaying Axions from GW170817
- Neutrino tomography of the Earth
- Nucleosynthesis Without a Computer
- Anti-helium from Dark Matter annihilations
- Signatures of Mirror Stars
- Accelerating Composite Dark Matter Discovery with Nuclear Recoils and the Migdal Effect
- Theory of photospheric emission from relativistic outflows
- Large Neutrino Secret Interactions, Small Impact on Supernovae
- Dynamics of Chemical Equilibrium of Hadronic Matter Close to
- Dark Matter Annihilation Can Produce a Detectable Antihelium Flux through Decays
- Axion Quark Nuggets. Dark Matter and Matter-Antimatter asymmetry: theory, observations and future experiments
- Six Flavor Quark Matter
- Supernova Emission of Secretly Interacting Neutrino Fluid: Theoretical Foundations
- Origin of the tentative AMS antihelium events
- Nucleosynthesis in gamma-ray bursts outflows
- Nuclear Fusion Inside Dark Matter
- Light Element Synthesis in High Entropy Relativistic Flows Associated with Gamma Ray Bursts
- Ultra-Heavy Dark Matter Search with Electron Microscopy of Geological Quartz
- Post-inflationary thermalization with hadronization scenario
- Anti-Deuterons and Anti-Helium Nuclei from Annihilating Dark Matter
- Nucleosynthesis in Baryon-Rich Outflows Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts
- Stellar Signatures of Inhomogeneous Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
- Shell-like Structures in an expanding Quark-Antiquark Plasma
- Binary Collisions of Dark Matter Blobs
- Dark Solar Wind
- Cosmic Ray Antihelium from a Strongly Coupled Dark Sector
- How to produce antinuclei from dark matter
- Relativistic Expansion of Electron-Positron-Photon Plasma Droplets and Photon Emission