Exploring Gamma-Ray Burst Diversity: Clustering analysis of emission characteristics of Fermi and BATSE detected GRBs
arXiv:2402.15260 · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad43e7
Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are commonly attributed to the demise of massive stars or the merger of binary compact objects. However, their varied emission characteristics strongly imply the existence of multiple GRB classes based on progenitor types, radiation mechanisms, central engines etc. This study utilizes unsupervised clustering with the Nested Gaussian Mixture Model algorithm to analyze {\it Fermi} and BATSE GRB data, identifying four classes (A, B, C, and D) based on duration, spectral peak, and spectral index, comprising approximately 70\%, 10\%, 3\%, and 17\% of the dataset, respectively. Classes A and B consist of long GRBs, C mainly short GRBs, and class D encompasses both short and long GRBs. Using the spectral index, , for the differentiation of radiation models, it is found that classes B and C align with photospheric emission models, while A and D predominantly show synchrotron radiation characteristics. Short GRBs predominantly exhibit photospheric emission, whereas long GRBs show consistency with synchrotron emission. Overall, 63\% of the total bursts exhibit profiles indicative of synchrotron emission, with the remaining 37\% associated with photospheric emission. The classes were further examined for their progenitor origins, revealing that classes A and D demonstrate a hybrid nature, while classes B and C are predominantly associated with collapsar and merger origins, respectively. This clustering analysis reveals distinct GRB classes, shedding light on their diversity in radiation, duration and progenitor.
16 pages, 5 Figures, 4 Tables, submitted
References in corpus (23)
- Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
- Long gamma-ray bursts and core-collapse supernovae have different environments
- The Internal-Collision-Induced Magnetic Reconnection and Turbulence (ICMART) Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts
- The Emergence of a Lanthanide-Rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars
- An optical supernova associated with the X-ray flash XRF 060218
- No supernovae associated with two long-duration gamma ray bursts
- Discerning the physical origins of cosmological Gamma-ray bursts based on multiple observational criteria: the cases of z=6.7 GRB 080913, z=8.3 GRB 090423, and some short/hard GRBs
- An enigmatic long-lasting gamma-ray burst not accompanied by a bright supernova
- Detection of a Thermal Spectral Component in the Prompt Emission of GRB 100724B
- Prompt GRB emission from gradual energy dissipation
- GRB110721A: An extreme peak energy and signatures of the photosphere
- Temporal Evolution Of Thermal Emission From Relativistically Expanding Plasma
- Quasi-blackbody component and radiative efficiency of the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts
- The Rapid Reddening and Featureless Optical Spectra of the optical counterpart of GW170817, AT 2017gfo, During the First Four Days
- An Unambiguous Separation of Gamma-Ray Bursts into Two Classes from Prompt Emission Alone
- Classification of BATSE, Swift, and Fermi Gamma-Ray Bursts from Prompt Emission Alone
- Evidence for two distinct populations of kilonova-associated Gamma Ray Bursts
- Non-dissipative photospheres in GRBs: Spectral appearance in the Fermi/GBM catalogue
- A Comparative Study of Long and Short GRBs. II. A Multi-wavelength Method to distinguish Type II (massive star) and Type I (compact star) GRBs
- Identification of Extended Emission Gamma-Ray-Bursts Candidates using Machine Learning
- A search for \textit{Fermi} bursts associated to supernovae and their frequency of occurrence
- Multidimensional analysis of Fermi GBM gamma-ray bursts
- GRB 201015A: from seconds to months of optical monitoring and supernova discovery