Tensions in cosmology: a discussion of statistical tools to determine inconsistencies

Abstract

We present a comprehensive analysis of statistical tools for evaluating tensions in cosmological parameter estimates arising from distinct datasets. Focusing on the unresolved Hubble constant ($H_0$) tension, we explore the Pantheon Plus + SH0ES (PPS) compilation, which includes low-redshift Cepheid data from the SH0ES collaboration, along with the latest release of CMB data from the Planck collaboration, Cosmic Chronometers (CC) dataset and the most recent Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) datasets. Employing various tension metrics, we quantitatively assess the inconsistencies in parameter estimates, emphasizing the importance of capturing multidimensional tensions. Our results reveal substantial tension between PPS and Planck 2018 datasets and moderate tension between the BAO data sets and all other datasets. We highlight the importance of adopting these metrics to enhance the precision of future cosmological analyses and facilitate the resolution of existing tensions.

10 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• SPT-3G D1: CMB temperature and polarization power spectra and cosmology from 2019 and 2020 observations of the SPT-3G Main field
• Reheating ACTs on Starobinsky and Higgs inflation
• Statistical consistency of sign-switching vacuum energy with cosmological observations