The shadows of accelerating Kerr-Newman black hole and constraints from M87*

Abstract

In this paper, we study the influence of the parameters for the accelerating Kerr-Newman black hole on the shadows and the constraints, extensively. We find that the rotating parameter $a$, the charge parameter $e$, and the inclination angle ${\theta }_0$ affect the shadow qualitatively similar to that of Kerr-Newman black holes. The result shows that the size of the shadow will scale down with the accelerating factor $A$. Besides, the factor $A$ also can affect the best viewing angles, which make the observations maximum deviate from ${\theta }_0=\frac{\pi }{2}$, and the degree of the deviations are less than $1\%$. Then, we assume the M87* as an accelerating Kerr-Newman black hole with the mass $M=6.5\times 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ and the distance $r_0=16.8Mpc$. Combining the EHT observations, we find that neither the observations, circularity deviation $\Delta C$ or axial ratio $D_x$ can distinguish the accelerating black hole or not. However, the characteristic areal-radius of the shadow curve $R_a$ can give corresponding constraints on the parameters of the accelerating Kerr-Newman black hole. The results shows that the bigger accelerating factor $A$ is, the stronger constraints on the rotating parameter $a$ and charged parameter $e$. {The maximum range of the accelerating factor is $A{r}_0\le 0.558$ for a accelerating Schwarzschild case with $(a/M=e/M=0)$, and for an extremely slow accelerating case $(A{r}_0\le 0.01)$, the ranges of rotating parameter $a$ and charged parameter $e$ are $a/M\in (0,1)$ and $e/M\in (0,0.9)$.

9 pages, 16figures

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