Charged-particle production as a function of the relative transverse activity classifier in pp, p$-$Pb, and Pb$-$Pb collisions at the LHC

Abstract

Measurements of charged-particle production in pp, p$-$Pb, and Pb$-$Pb collisions in the toward, away, and transverse regions with the ALICE detector are discussed. These regions are defined event-by-event relative to the azimuthal direction of the charged trigger particle, which is the reconstructed particle with the largest transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{trig}}$) in the range $8<p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{trig}}<15$ GeV$/c$. The toward and away regions contain the primary and recoil jets, respectively; both regions are accompanied by the underlying event (UE). In contrast, the transverse region perpendicular to the direction of the trigger particle is dominated by the so-called UE dynamics, and includes also contributions from initial- and final-state radiation. The relative transverse activity classifier, $R_{\mathrm{T}}=N_{\mathrm{ch}}^{\mathrm{T}}/⟨N_{\mathrm{ch}}^{\mathrm{T}}⟩$, is used to group events according to their UE activity, where $N_{\mathrm{ch}}^{\mathrm{T}}$ is the charged-particle multiplicity per event in the transverse region and $⟨N_{\mathrm{ch}}^{\mathrm{T}}⟩$ is the mean value over the whole analysed sample. The energy dependence of the $R_{\mathrm{T}}$ distributions in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$, 5.02, 7, and 13 TeV is reported, exploring the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling properties of the multiplicity distributions. The first measurements of charged-particle $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ spectra as a function of $R_{\mathrm{T}}$ in the three azimuthal regions in pp, p$-$Pb, and Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV are also reported. Data are compared with predictions obtained from the event generators PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC. This set of measurements is expected to contribute to the understanding of the origin of collective-like effects in small collision systems (pp and p$-$Pb).

27 pages, 9 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 21, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/10027

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Cited by in corpus (2)

• Particle production as a function of charged-particle flattenicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
• Investigating the most active pp collisions (top 0.1%) using the tools developed by experiments at the LHC