Ripples of the QCD Critical Point

Abstract

We investigate the impact of a critical end point (CEP) on the experimentally accessible baryon number fluctuations of different orders. By now, its potential location has been constrained fairly accurately within first principles functional QCD, together with the location of the chiral crossover line and further thermodynamic observables. This information is incorporated in an advanced QCD-assisted low energy effective theory which is used for the computation of baryon number fluctuations at the chemical freeze-out. This computation also takes care of global baryon number conservation at larger density, where the system changes from grand-canonical to canonical statistics. We observe a prominent peak structure, whose amplitude depends on the location of the CEP, while its position is more sensitive to the location of the freeze-out curve. Our results provide guidance for future low energy heavy-ion experiments.

arXiv commentv2: 7+11 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables. Discussions on Polyakov loop potential (S.1.1) and the state-of-the-art estimates and predictions of CEP (S.2) with three further figures are added

References in corpus (59)

• The phase diagram of dense QCD
• Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Heavy Ion Collisions and the QCD Critical Point
• Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy
• Non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point
• Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials
• Bulk Properties of the Medium Produced in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan Program
• The nonperturbative functional renormalization group and its applications
• Mapping the Phases of Quantum Chromodynamics with Beam Energy Scan
• Search for the QCD Critical Point with Fluctuations of Conserved Quantities in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC : An Overview
• The QCD Equation of State to $\mathcal{O}({\mu }_B^6)$ from Lattice QCD
• The QCD phase structure at finite temperature and density
• Quark Confinement from Color Confinement
• Slowing Out of Equilibrium Near the QCD Critical Point
• QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential from Dyson-Schwinger equations
• Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics
• Chiral symmetry breaking in continuum QCD
• Inhomogeneous chiral condensates
• Landau gauge Yang-Mills correlation functions
• Non-perturbative quark, gluon and meson correlators of unquenched QCD
• Non-monotonic energy dependence of net-proton number fluctuations
• On the relation of quark confinement and chiral symmetry breaking
• Freeze-out parameters: lattice meets experiment
• Higher order fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges from lattice QCD
• From Quarks and Gluons to Hadrons: Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Dynamical QCD
• Skewness, kurtosis and the 5th and 6th order cumulants of net baryon-number distributions from lattice QCD confront high-statistics STAR data
• Baryon number conservation and the cumulants of the net proton distribution
• Freeze-out parameters from electric charge and baryon number fluctuations: is there consistency?
• Cumulants and Correlation Functions of Net-proton, Proton and Antiproton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• QCD phase structure from functional methods
• Chiral phase structure and critical end point in QCD
• Bridging the gap between event-by-event fluctuation measurements and theory predictions in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Locating the critical endpoint of QCD: mesonic backcoupling effects
• Relativistic nuclear collisions: Establishing a non-critical baseline for fluctuation measurements
• Baryon number fluctuations in the QCD phase diagram from Dyson-Schwinger equations
• Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential
• The Vacuum Structure of Vector Mesons in QCD
• Phase Transitions in Particle Physics -- Results and Perspectives from Lattice Quantum Chromo-Dynamics
• Taylor expansions and Padé approximants for cumulants of conserved charge fluctuations at non-vanishing chemical potentials
• Proton number fluctuation as a signal of the QCD critical end-point
• Baryon number fluctuations at finite temperature and density
• QCD at finite temperature and density within the fRG approach: An overview
• Universal off-equilibrium scaling of critical cumulants in the QCD phase diagram
• Non-perturbative finite-temperature Yang-Mills theory
• On the relevance of matter and glue dynamics for baryon number fluctuations
• Connecting fluctuation measurements in heavy-ion collisions with the grand-canonical susceptibilities
• Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV from hydrodynamics
• Baryon number fluctuations in chiral effective models and their phenomenological implications
• Signatures of Moat Regimes in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Universality driven analytic structure of the QCD crossover: radius of convergence in the baryon chemical potential
• Equation of state and speed of sound of (2+1)-flavor QCD in strangeness-neutral matter at non-vanishing net baryon-number density
• Quartic cumulant of baryon number in the presence of QCD critical point
• Correlating the skewness and kurtosis of baryon number distributions
• Higher-Order Cumulants and Correlation Functions of Proton Multiplicity Distributions in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at the RHIC STAR Experiment
• Strangeness Neutrality and QCD Thermodynamics
• Critical lensing and kurtosis near a critical point in the QCD phase diagram in and out-of-equilibrium
• Particle Interferometry in a Moat Regime
• Strangeness neutrality and baryon-strangeness correlations
• Equation of state of a hot-and-dense quark gluon plasma: lattice simulations at real ${\mu }_B$ vs. extrapolations
• Correlations of conserved charges and QCD phase structure

Cited by in corpus (5)

• The QCD moat regime and its real-time properties
• Dilepton production from moaton quasiparticles
• Search for the QCD Critical Point in High Energy Nuclear Collisions: A Status Report
• Dynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transition
• High-order fluctuations of temperature in hot QCD matter