Rotating quantum droplets confined in a harmonic potential

Abstract

We investigate the rotational properties of a two-component, two-dimensional self-bound quantum droplet, which is confined in a harmonic potential and compare them with the well-known problem of a single-component atomic gas with contact interactions. For a fixed value of the trap frequency, choosing some representative values of the atom number, we determine the lowest-energy state, as the angular momentum increases. For a sufficiently small number of atoms, the angular momentum is carried via center-of-mass excitation. For larger values, when the angular momentum is sufficiently small, we observe vortex excitation instead. Depending on the actual atom number, one or more vortices enter the droplet. Beyond some critical value of the angular momentum, however, the droplet does not accommodate more vortices and the additional angular momentum is carried via center-of-mass excitation in a "mixed" state. Finally, the excitation spectrum is also briefly discussed.

11 pages, 7 figures, changes in v2: the title was updated, the overall readability was improved, an error in the unit of $N$ was corrected, a few references were added

References in corpus (14)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Quantum liquid droplets in a mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates
• Self-bound droplets of a dilute magnetic quantum liquid
• Quantum-fluctuation-driven crossover from a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate to a macro-droplet in a dipolar quantum fluid
• Collisions of self-bound quantum droplets
• Two-dimensional solitons and quantum droplets supported by competing self- and cross-interactions in spin-orbit-coupled condensates
• Quantum Hall physics in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates
• Metastability of quantum droplet clusters
• Liquid quantum droplets of ultracold magnetic atoms
• Symmetry breaking of quantum droplets in a dual-core trap
• Collisional dynamics of symmetric two-dimensional quantum droplets
• Vortex Lattices in Strongly Confined Quantum Droplets
• Ground state and rotational properties of two-dimensional self-bound quantum droplets
• Dynamical representations of constrained multicomponent nonlinear Schrödinger equations in arbitrary dimensions

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Stability and dynamics of nonlinear excitations in a two-dimensional droplet-bearing environment
• Collective excitations in two-dimensional harmonically trapped quantum droplets
• Self-bound vortex lattice in a rapidly rotating quantum droplet
• Dynamics of Rapidly Rotating Bose-Einstein Quantum Droplets
• Rotating quantum droplets confined in an anharmonic potential
• Rapidly-rotating quantum droplets confined in a harmonic potential
• One-dimensional asymmetrically interacting quantum droplets in Bose-Bose mixtures
• Empty and filled vortices in squeezed 39K Bose-Bose liquid drops
• Yrast states of quantum droplets confined in a ring potential