Self-bound vortex lattice in a rapidly rotating quantum droplet

Abstract

A rapidly rotating Bose gas in the quantum Hall limit is usually associated with a melted vortex lattice. In this work, we report a self-bound and visible triangular vortex lattice without melting for a two-dimensional Bose-Bose droplet rotating in the quantum Hall limit, i.e., with rotation frequency $\Omega$ approaching the trapping frequency $\omega$. Increasing $\Omega$ with respect to interaction strength $U$, we find a smooth crossover of the vortex lattice droplet from a needling regime, as featured by small vortex cores and an equilibrium flat-top surface, to the lowest-Landau-level regime with Gaussian-extended cores spreading over the whole surface. The surface density of such a rotating droplet is higher than that of a static one, and their ratio is found to be a universal function of $\Omega /U$. We have demonstrated these results by both numerical and variational methods. The results pave the way for future experimental exploration of rapidly rotating ultracold droplets into the quantum Hall limit.

arXiv comment7 pages, 6 figures

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