Vortex lattices in binary Bose-Einstein condensates with dipole-dipole interactions

Abstract

We study the structure and stability of vortex lattices in two-component rotating Bose-Einstein condensates with intrinsic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) and contact interactions. To address experimentally accessible coupled systems, we consider ${}^{164}$Dy-${}^{162}$Dy and ${}^{168}$Er-${}^{164}$Dy mixtures, which feature different miscibilities. The corresponding dipole moments are ${\mu }_{\mathrm{Dy}}=10{\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}$ and ${\mu }_{\mathrm{Er}}=7{\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}$, where ${\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}$ is the Bohr magneton. For comparison, we also discuss a case where one of the species is non dipolar. Under a large aspect ratio of the trap, we consider mixtures in the pancake-shaped format, which are modeled by effective two-dimensional coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations, with a fixed polarization of the magnetic dipoles. Then, the miscibility and vortex-lattice structures are studied, by varying the coefficients of the contact interactions (assuming the use of the Feshbach-resonance mechanism) and the rotation frequency. We present phase diagrams for several types of lattices in the parameter plane of the rotation frequency and ratio of inter- and intra-species scattering lengths. The vortex structures are found to be diverse for the more miscible ${}^{164}$Dy-${}^{162}$Dy mixture, with a variety of shapes, whereas, for the less miscible case of ${}^{168}$Er-${}^{164}$Dy, the lattice patterns mainly feature circular or square formats.

Phys. Rev. A, in press

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