The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory in México: The Primary Detector
arXiv:2304.00730 · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2023.168253
Abstract
The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a second-generation continuously operated, wide field-of-view, TeV gamma-ray observatory. The HAWC observatory and its analysis techniques build on experience of the Milagro experiment in using ground-based water Cherenkov detectors for gamma-ray astronomy. HAWC is located on the Sierra Negra volcano in México at an elevation of 4100 meters above sea level. The completed HAWC observatory principal detector (HAWC) consists of 300 closely spaced water Cherenkov detectors, each equipped with four photomultiplier tubes to provide timing and charge information to reconstruct the extensive air shower energy and arrival direction. The HAWC observatory has been optimized to observe transient and steady emission from sources of gamma rays within an energy range from several hundred GeV to several hundred TeV. However, most of the air showers detected are initiated by cosmic rays, allowing studies of cosmic rays also to be performed. This paper describes the characteristics of the HAWC main array and its hardware.
arXiv commentAccepted for publications in Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A (2023) 168253 ( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168900223002437 ); 39 pages, 14 Figures
References in corpus (29)
- The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Mission
- Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
- Extended gamma-ray sources around pulsars constrain the origin of the positron flux at Earth
- TeV Gamma-Ray Sources from a Survey of the Galactic Plane with Milagro
- Multiple Galactic Sources with Emission Above 56 TeV Detected by HAWC
- Sensitivity of the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Detector to Sources of Multi-TeV Gamma Rays
- 3HWC: The Third HAWC Catalog of Very-High-Energy Gamma-ray Sources
- Peta-electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula
- Very high energy particle acceleration powered by the jets of the microquasar SS 433
- Measurement of the Crab Nebula Spectrum Past 100 TeV with HAWC
- HAWC observations of the acceleration of very-high-energy cosmic rays in the Cygnus Cocoon
- Milagrito: a TeV air-shower array
- Constraints on Lorentz invariance violation from HAWC observations of gamma rays above 100 TeV
- HAWC J2227+610 and its association with G106.3+2.7, a new potential Galactic PeVatron
- All-Sky Measurement of the Anisotropy of Cosmic Rays at 10 TeV and Mapping of the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field
- The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON): Performance and Science Program
- Search for Very High Energy Gamma Rays from the Northern Bubble Region with HAWC
- Constraining the Local Burst Rate Density of Primordial Black Holes with HAWC
- Search for Gamma-ray Spectral Lines from Dark Matter Annihilation in Dwarf Galaxies with the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory
- Data Acquisition Architecture and Online Processing System for the HAWC gamma-ray observatory
- Ground-based Gamma-Ray Astronomy: an Introduction
- The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory
- A survey of active galaxies at TeV photon energies with the HAWC gamma-ray observatory
- VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory
- Probing the Sea of Cosmic Rays by Measuring Gamma-Ray Emission from Passive Giant Molecular Clouds with HAWC
- Multimessenger Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidence Alerts using HAWC and IceCube sub-threshold Data
- Constraints on the very high energy gamma-ray emission from short GRBs with HAWC
- Interplanetary magnetic flux rope observed at ground level by HAWC
- Milagro Observations of Potential TeV Emitters
Cited by in corpus (21)
- White Paper and Roadmap for Quantum Gravity Phenomenology in the Multi-Messenger Era
- Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Bubble around Microquasar V4641 Sgr
- The TeV Sun Rises: Discovery of Gamma rays from the Quiescent Sun with HAWC
- Spectral study of very high energy gamma rays from SS 433 with HAWC
- Evidence for a gamma-ray molecular target in the enigmatic PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157
- Search for joint multimessenger signals from potential galactic cosmic-ray accelerators with HAWC and IceCube
- HAWC Study of Very-High-Energy -ray Spectrum of HAWC J1844-034
- Detecting LHC Neutrinos at Surface Level
- Testing the Molecular Cloud Paradigm for Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Ray Emission from the Direction of SNR G106.3+2.7
- Are There Correlations in the HAWC and IceCube High Energy Skymaps Outside the Galactic Plane?
- Galactic Gamma-Ray Diffuse Emission at TeV energies with HAWC Data
- Application of Graph Networks to a wide-field Water-Cherenkov-based Gamma-Ray Observatory
- Towards Searching for Photons with Energies beyond the PeV Range from Galactic PeVatrons
- Analysis of the Emission and Morphology of the Pulsar Wind Nebula Candidate HAWC J2031+415
- Lateral Distribution Function of Extensive Air Showers Cherenkov Light and Stable Laws: Fast Modelling Method for the CORSIKA Code
- Evaluation of EAS directions based on TAIGA HiSCORE data using fully connected neural networks
- High Energy Emission from the Galactic Center
- Extreme Transients in Gamma Rays
- Search for TeV emission from spider millisecond pulsars with HAWC
- Are Kronberger 80 and/or Kronberger 82 regions PeVatron candidates for LHAASO J2108+5157?
- A parametrized simulation code to simulate the response of ground detector arrays to Extensive Air Showers above 100 TeV