Cosmic Radio Background from Primordial Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn

Abstract

The presence of an extra radio background besides the cosmic microwave background has important implications for the observation of the 21-cm signal during the cosmic Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn, and epoch of Reionization. The strong absorption trough found in the 21-cm global spectrum measured by the EDGES experiment, which has a much greater depth than the standard model prediction, has drawn great interest to this scenario, but more generally it is still of great interest to consider such a cosmic radio background (CRB) in the early Universe. To be effective in affecting the 21-cm signal at early time, such a radio background must be produced by sources which can emit strong radio signals but modest amount of X-rays, so that the gas is not heated up too early. We investigate the scenario that such a radio background is produced by the primordial black holes (PBHs). For PBH with a single mass, we find that if the PBHs' abundance $\log (f_{\mathrm{PBH}})$ (ratio of total PBH mass density to total matter density) and mass satisfy the relation $\log (f_{\mathrm{PBH}})\sim -1.8\log (M_{\bullet }/{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot })-3.5$ for $1{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\lesssim M_{\bullet }\lesssim 300{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, and have jet emission, they can generate a CRB required for reproducing the 21-cm absorption signal seen by the EDGES. The accretion rate can be boosted if the PBHs are surrounded by dark matter halos, which permits lower $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}$ value to satisfy the EDGES observation. In the latter scenario, since the accretion rate can evolve rapidly during the Cosmic Dawn, the frequency (redshift) and depth of the absorption trough can determine the mass and abundance of the PBHs simultaneously. For absorption trough redshift $\sim$ 17 and depth $\sim -500$ mK, it corresponds to $M_{\bullet }\sim 1.05{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ and $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}\sim 1.5\times 10^{-4}$.

arXiv comment16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in PRD

References in corpus (89)

• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Hot Accretion Flows Around Black Holes
• Cosmology at Low Frequencies: The 21 cm Transition and the High-Redshift Universe
• Efficient Generation of Jets from Magnetically Arrested Accretion on a Rapidly Spinning Black Hole
• Did LIGO detect dark matter?
• A fundamental plane of black hole activity
• An absorption profile centred at 78 megahertz in the sky-averaged spectrum
• New cosmological constraints on primordial black holes
• 21-cm cosmology
• General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Magnetically Choked Accretion Flows around Black Holes
• The spectrum of isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission between 100 MeV and 820 GeV
• 21cmFAST: A Fast, Semi-Numerical Simulation of the High-Redshift 21-cm Signal
• Primordial Black Holes as a dark matter candidate
• General physical properties of bright Fermi blazars
• Possible interaction between baryons and dark-matter particles revealed by the first stars
• Canonical high power blazars
• Cosmic microwave background limits on accreting primordial black holes
• Advection-Dominated Accretion and the Black Hole Event Horizon
• The power of relativistic jets is larger than the luminosity of their accretion disks
• Effect of Primordial Black Holes on the Cosmic Microwave Background and Cosmological Parameter Estimates
• Bolometric luminosities and Eddington ratios of X-ray selected Active Galactic Nuclei in the XMM-COSMOS survey
• The Non-Linear Dependence of Flux on Black Hole Mass and Accretion Rate in Core Dominated Jets
• ARCADE 2 Measurement of the Extra-Galactic Sky Temperature at 3-90 GHz
• Formation and Evolution of Primordial Black Hole Binaries in the Early Universe
• Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Hole Mergers
• CMB bounds on disk-accreting massive Primordial Black Holes
• The Global 21 Centimeter Background from High Redshifts
• The Fermi blazar sequence
• Cosmic microwave background bounds on primordial black holes including dark matter halo accretion
• The Spin-Kinetic Temperature Coupling and the Heating Rate due to Lyman Alpha Scattering before Reionization: Predictions for 21cm Emission and Absorption
• Enhanced global signal of neutral hydrogen due to excess radiation at cosmic dawn
• Understanding caustic crossings in giant arcs: characteristic scales, event rates, and constraints on compact dark matter
• Lower bound on the primordial black hole merger rate
• Modeling the Radio Background from the First Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the 21 cm Absorption Amplitude
• New constraints on primordial black holes abundance from femtolensing of gamma-ray bursts
• The Radiative Efficiency of Hot Accretion Flows
• Primordial Black Holes Confront LIGO/Virgo data: Current situation
• What does the first highly-redshifted 21-cm detection tell us about early galaxies?
• Design and characterization of the Large-Aperture Experiment to Detect the Dark Age (LEDA) radiometer systems
• Radio--X-ray Correlation and the "Quiescent State" of Black Hole Sources
• Probing the Dark Ages at Z~20: The SCI-HI 21 cm All-Sky Spectrum Experiment
• Radiative Processes in High Energy Astrophysics
• The Evolution of Primordial Black Holes and their Final Observable Spins
• WIMPs and stellar-mass primordial black holes are incompatible
• CRASH: a Radiative Transfer Scheme
• First results on the Epoch of Reionization from First Light with SARAS 2
• Distinguishing Primordial Black Holes from Astrophysical Black Holes by Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
• Constraining primordial black holes as dark matter using the global 21-cm signal with X-ray heating and excess radio background
• Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter and the LIGO/Virgo observations
• Bondi accretion in the early universe
• Constraining Primordial Black Holes with the EDGES 21-cm Absorption Signal
• The REACH radiometer for detecting the 21-cm hydrogen signal from redshift 7.5 to 28
• The Chandra COSMOS legacy survey: Energy Spectrum of the Cosmic X-ray Background and constraints on undetected populations
• Constraining the primordial black hole abundance with 21cm cosmology
• General Physical Properties of CGRaBS Blazars
• The black hole fundamental plane from a uniform sample of radio and X-ray emitting broad line AGNs
• Jet contributions to the broad-band spectrum of Cyg X-1 in the hard state
• The 21cm Signature of the First Stars
• Small-scale structure of primordial black hole dark matter and its implications for accretion
• Composition, collimation, contamination: the jet of Cygnus X-1
• Illuminating the dark ages: Cosmic backgrounds from accretion onto primordial black hole dark matter
• The diffuse $\gamma$-ray background is dominated by star-forming galaxies
• Initial clustering and the primordial black hole merger rate
• Constraining First Star Formation with 21cm-Cosmology
• Discovering the Sky at the Longest wavelengths with a lunar orbit array
• Transformative Science from the Lunar Farside: Observations of the Dark Ages and Exoplanetary Systems at Low Radio Frequencies
• The Energy Cascade from Warm Dark Matter Decays
• Radio Properties of Low Redshift Broad Line Active Galactic Nuclei
• The most massive black holes on the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Accretion
• Upper limits on the size of a primordial black hole
• 21-cm constraints on spinning primordial black holes
• Lepto-hadronic model for the broadband emission of Cygnus X-1
• LIGO/Virgo black holes and dark matter: The effect of spatial clustering
• Radio activity of supermassive black holes with extremely high accretion rates
• Cosmic radiation backgrounds from primordial black holes
• The structure of the jet in Cyg X-1 inferred from orbital modulation of the radio emission
• Contributions of dark matter annihilation to the global 21cm spectrum observed by the EDGES experiment
• Gas Accretion by Globular Clusters and Nucleated Dwarf Galaxies and the Formation of the Arches and Quintuplet Clusters
• The impact of the ionosphere on ground-based detection of the global Epoch of Reionisation signal
• Prospects of Future CMB Anisotropy Probes for Primordial Black Holes
• Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton Accretion onto Star Clusters
• What Powers the Most Relativistic Jets? II: Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
• Can the 21 cm signal probe Population III and II star formation?
• Can accreting primordial black holes explain the excess radio background?
• Impacts of Jets and Winds From Primordial Black Holes
• What Powers the Most Relativistic Jets? I: BL Lacs
• The Global 21 cm Absorption from Cosmic Dawn with Inhomogeneous Gas Distribution
• Origin of Multi-band Emission from the Microquasar Cygnus X--1
• Black holes at cosmic dawn in the redshifted 21cm signal of HI

Cited by in corpus (5)

• The role of soft photon injection and heating in 21 cm cosmology
• The EDGES measurement disfavors an excess radio background during the cosmic dawn
• Scalarization and superradiant instability of black hole induced by dark matter halo in the scalar-tensor theory of gravity
• Investigating Primordial Black Hole Accretion through Cosmic Optical Depth
• Primordial black holes and the velocity acoustic oscillations features in 21 cm signals from the cosmic Dark Ages