Fragmentation of the High-mass "Starless'' Core G10.21-0.31: a Coherent Evolutionary Picture for Star Formation

Abstract

G10.21-0.31 is a 70 $\mu$m-dark high-mass starless core ($M>300$ ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ within $r<0.15$ pc) identified in $Spitzer$, $Herschel$, and APEX continuum surveys, and is believed to harbor the initial stages of high-mass star formation. We present ALMA and SMA observations to resolve the internal structure of this promising high-mass starless core. Sensitive high-resolution ALMA 1.3 mm dust continuum emission reveals three cores of mass ranging 11-18 ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, characterized by a turbulent fragmentation. Core 1, 2, and 3 represent a coherent evolution at three different evolutionary stages, characterized by outflows (CO, SiO), gas temperature (${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{CO}$), and deuteration (${\mathrm{N}}_2{\mathrm{D}}^{+}/{\mathrm{N}}_2{\mathrm{H}}^{+}$). We confirm the potential to form high-mass stars in G10.21 and explore the evolution path of high-mass star formation. Yet, no high-mass prestellar core is present in G10.21. This suggests a dynamical star formation where cores grow in mass over time.

30 pages, 13 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (21)

• Cold Dark Clouds: The Initial Conditions for Star Formation
• MAMBO Mapping of Spitzer c2d Small Clouds and Cores
• Fragmentation of Molecular Clumps and Formation of Protocluster
• Probing the initial conditions of High Mass Star formation -- I. Deuteration and depletion in high mass pre/protocluster clumps
• Chemical and kinematic structure of extremely high-velocity molecular jets in the Serpens Main star-forming region
• Chemical evolution in the early phases of massive star formation II: Deuteration
• A Hunt for Massive Starless Cores
• Massive and low-mass protostars in massive "starless" cores
• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). IV. Star formation signatures in G023.477
• A SiO J = 5 - 4 Survey Toward Massive Star Formation Regions
• ALMA-IRDC: Dense gas mass distribution from cloud to core scales
• HII regions and high-mass starless clump candidates II. Fragmentation and induced star formation at ~0.025 pc scale: An ALMA continuum study
• ALMA Observations of Massive Clouds in the Central Molecular Zone: Ubiquitous Protostellar Outflows
• Characterization of Molecular Outflows in The Substellar Domain
• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). V. Deuterated Molecules in the 70 $\mu$m dark IRDC G14.492-00.139
• Fragmentation and kinematics in high-mass star formation: CORE-extension targeting two very young high-mass star-forming regions
• A Low-mass Cold and Quiescent Core Population in a Massive Star Protocluster
• Evidence of Core Growth in the Dragon Infrared Dark Cloud: A Path for Massive Star Formation
• An ALMA study of outflow parameters of protoclusters: outflow feedback to maintain the turbulence
• W51North: A protocluster emerging out of a thermally inhibited fragmenting cloud
• Bipolar molecular outflow of the very low-mass star Par-Lup3-4

Cited by in corpus (4)

• SiO Outflows in the Most Luminous and Massive Protostellar Sources of the Southern Sky
• High-Mass Starless Clumps: Dynamical State and Correlation Between Physical Parameters
• Highly structured turbulence in high-mass star formation: an evolved infrared dark cloud G35.20-0.74 N
• Searching for Magnetar Binaries Disrupted by Core-Collapse Supernovae