ALMACAL IX: multi-band ALMA survey for dusty star-forming galaxies and the resolved fractions of the cosmic infrared background

Abstract

Wide, deep, blind continuum surveys at submillimetre/millimetre (submm/mm) wavelengths are required to provide a full inventory of the dusty, distant Universe. However, conducting such surveys to the necessary depth, with sub-arcsec angular resolution, is prohibitively time-consuming, even for the most advanced submm/mm telescopes. Here, we report the most recent results from the ALMACAL project, which exploits the 'free' calibration data from the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) to map the lines of sight towards and beyond the ALMA calibrators. ALMACAL has now covered 1,001 calibrators, with a total sky coverage around 0.3 deg2, distributed across the sky accessible from the Atacama desert, and has accumulated more than 1,000h of integration. The depth reached by combining multiple visits to each field makes ALMACAL capable of searching for faint, dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), with detections at multiple frequencies to constrain the emission mechanism. Based on the most up-to-date ALMACAL database, we report the detection of 186 DSFGs with flux densities down to S870um ~ 0.2mJy, comparable with existing ALMA large surveys but less susceptible to cosmic variance. We report the number counts at five wavelengths between 870um and 3mm, in ALMA bands 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, providing a benchmark for models of galaxy formation and evolution. By integrating the observed number counts and the best-fitting functions, we also present the resolved fraction of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) and the CIB spectral shape. Combining existing surveys, ALMA has currently resolved about half of the CIB in the submm/mm regime.

arXiv comment22 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (110)

• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• Halo Models of Large Scale Structure
• Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
• Unveiling Dust-enshrouded Star Formation in the Early Universe: a Sub-mm Survey of the Hubble Deep Field
• A Deep Sub-millimeter Survey of Lensing Clusters: A New Window on Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• A Redshift Survey of the Submillimeter Galaxy Population
• Simba: Cosmological Simulations with Black Hole Growth and Feedback
• Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at High Redshift
• The Spectrum of the Extragalactic Far Infrared Background from the COBE Firas Observations
• Dusty star forming galaxies at high redshift
• The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background: I. Limits and Detections
• The Herschel ATLAS
• The Cosmic Infrared Background Resolved by Spitzer. Contributions of Mid-Infrared Galaxies to the Far-Infrared Background
• A unified multi-wavelength model of galaxy formation
• The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) -- II. Submillimetre maps, catalogue and number counts
• The nature of faint submm-selected galaxies
• The X-ray Spectral Properties of SCUBA Galaxies
• A deep ALMA image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The Bulk of the Cosmic Infrared Background Resolved by ISOCAM
• The LABOCA Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South
• The Canada-UK Deep Submillimetre Survey: First Submillimetre Images, the Source Counts, and Resolution of the Background
• Intense Star Formation within Resolved Compact Regions in a Galaxy at z=2.3
• Deep radio imaging of the SCUBA 8-mJy survey fields: sub-mm source identifications and redshift distribution
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: 850um maps, catalogues and number counts
• An ALMA survey of submillimeter galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Source catalog and multiplicity
• Dust in the reionization era: ALMA observations of a $z$=8.38 Galaxy
• The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) - III. Identification of radio and mid-infrared counterparts to submillimetre galaxies
• Planck 2013 results. XXX. Cosmic infrared background measurements and implications for star formation
• ALMA redshifts of millimeter-selected galaxies from the SPT survey: The redshift distribution of dusty star-forming galaxies
• Dusty Infrared Galaxies: Sources of the Cosmic Infrared Background
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: High resolution 870um source counts
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field: Physical properties of 707 Sub-millimetre Galaxies
• Deep counts of submillimeter galaxies
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: ALMA resolves the rest-frame far-infrared emission of sub-millimeter galaxies
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties
• ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey Description
• Galaxy Properties from the Ultra-violet to the Far-Infrared: Lambda-CDM models confront observations
• HerMES: SPIRE galaxy number counts at 250, 350 and 500 microns
• Detection of the Far-infrared [O III] and Dust Emission in a Galaxy at Redshift 8.312: Early Metal Enrichment in the Heart of the Reionization Era
• A massive core for a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of 4.3
• Herschel and SCUBA-2 imaging and spectroscopy of a bright, lensed submillimetre galaxy at z = 2.3
• What Does a Submillimeter Galaxy Selection Actually Select? The Dependence of Submillimeter Flux Density on Star Formation Rate and Dust Mass
• High-redshift star formation in the ALMA era
• Compact starbursts in z~3-6 submillimeter galaxies revealed by ALMA
• An extreme proto-cluster of luminous dusty starbursts in the early Universe
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: ALMA resolves the bright-end of the sub-millimeter number counts
• The impact of clustering and angular resolution on far-infrared and millimeter continuum observations
• Herschel-ATLAS: a binary HyLIRG pinpointing a cluster of starbursting proto-ellipticals
• A dynamically cold disk galaxy in the early Universe
• A 1200 micron MAMBO Survey of ELAIS N2 and the Lockman Hole: I. Maps, sources and number counts
• The Evolution of the IR Luminosity Function and Dust-obscured Star Formation in the Last 13 Billion Years
• Quantifying cosmic variance
• ALMA Census of Faint 1.2 mm Sources Down to ~0.02 mJy: Extragalactic Background Light and Dust-Poor High-z Galaxies
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: Multi-wavelength Properties of ALMA-identified Submillimeter Galaxies in UKIDSS-UDS
• Normal, Dust-Obscured Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• The Brightest Galaxies in the Dark Ages: Galaxies' Dust Continuum Emission During the Reionization Era
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: Source catalogue and properties
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: High-resolution dust continuum morphologies and the link between sub-millimetre galaxies and spheroid formation
• A maximum-likelihood method for improving faint source flux and color estimates
• The Bolocam Lockman Hole Millimeter-Wave Galaxy Survey: Galaxy Candidates and Number Counts
• ALMACAL I: First dual-band number counts from a deep and wide ALMA submm survey, free from cosmic variance
• Detection of the Cosmic Far-Infrared Background in the AKARI Deep Field South
• Alma Twenty-six Arcmin^2 Survey Of Goods-s At One-millimeter (asagao): Source Catalog And Number Counts
• Automated Mining of the ALMA Archive in the COSMOS Field (A3COSMOS): I. Robust ALMA Continuum Photometry Catalogs and Stellar Mass and Star Formation Properties for ~700 Galaxies at z=0.5-6
• ALMA constraints on the faint millimetre source number counts and their contribution to the cosmic infrared background
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: number counts of submillimeter galaxies
• From the far-ultraviolet to the far-infrared -- galaxy emission at $0\le z\le 10$ in the Shark semi-analytic model
• ALMA Deep Field in SSA22: Source Catalog and Number Counts
• Resolving the Cosmic Far-Infrared Background at 450 and 850 Microns with SCUBA-2
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: CO emission lines and 3 mm continuum sources
• SMAObservations of GOODS 850-11 and GOODS 850-13 - First Examples of Multiple Submillimeter Sources Resolved by an Interferometer
• An ALMA survey of the brightest sub-millimetre sources in the SCUBA-2 COSMOS field
• The source counts of submillimetre galaxies detected at 1.1 mm
• GOODS-ALMA 2.0: Source catalog, number counts, and prevailing compact sizes in 1.1 mm galaxies
• An ALMA survey of submillimeter galaxies in the COSMOS field: Multiwavelength counterparts and redshift distribution
• ALMACAL IV: A catalogue of ALMA calibrator continuum observations
• Faint End of 1.3 mm Number Counts Revealed by ALMA
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: Deep 1.2 mm continuum number counts
• Data release of UV to submm broadband fluxes for simulated galaxies from the EAGLE project
• The nature of sub-millimeter and highly star-forming galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: Multi-wavelengths counterparts to 10${}^3$ submillimeter galaxies in the UKIDSS-UDS field
• Fade to grey: systematic variation of the galaxy attenuation curves with galaxy properties in EAGLE
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the COSMOS field: Physical properties derived from energy balance spectral energy distribution modelling
• An ALMA survey of the S2CLS UDS field: Optically invisible submillimetre galaxies
• Faint Submillimeter Galaxies Revealed by Multifield Deep ALMA Observations: Number Counts, Spatial Clustering, and A Dark Submillimeter Line Emitter
• Reproducing sub-millimetre galaxy number counts with cosmological hydrodynamic simulations
• A Submillimeter Perspective on the GOODS Fields (SUPER GOODS). III. A Large Sample of ALMA Sources in the GOODS-S
• SXDF-ALMA 2 arcmin${}^2$ Deep Survey: 1.1-mm Number Counts
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: The nature of the faintest dusty star-forming galaxies
• Physical properties and evolution of (Sub-)millimeter selected galaxies in the galaxy formation simulation Shark
• The influence of wavelength, flux, and lensing selection effects on the redshift distribution of dusty, star-forming galaxies
• The GISMO 2-millimeter Deep Field in GOODS-N
• Constraining the volume density of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies through the first 3mm Number Counts from ALMA
• ALMACAL VI: Molecular gas mass density across cosmic time via a blind search for intervening molecular absorbers
• The IRAM/GISMO two-millimeter survey in the COSMOS field
• Sub-millimetre galaxies in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations: Source number counts and the spatial clustering
• ALMA Deep Field in SSA22: Survey Design and Source Catalog of a 20 arcmin^2 Survey at 1.1mm
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: A model to explain observed 1.1 and 0.85 millimeter dust continuum number counts
• Constraining galaxy overdensities around three z~6.5 quasars with ALMA and MUSE
• ALMACAL II: Extreme star-formation-rate densities in a pair of dusty starbursts at $z=3.442$ revealed by ALMA 20-milliarcsec resolution imaging
• A High-Resolution Investigation of the Multi-Phase ISM in a Galaxy during the First Two Billion Years
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: a strongly lensed multiply imaged dusty system at $z\ge$6
• The evolution of the UV-to-mm extragalactic background light: evidence for a top-heavy initial mass function?
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey III: 1.1 mm Emission Line Identifications in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell 370, and Abell S1063
• Determination of the Cosmic Infrared Background from COBE/FIRAS and Planck HFI Observations
• A magnified view of circumnuclear star formation and feedback around an AGN at z=2.6
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey - IV. Lensing-corrected 1.1 mm number counts in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• Determination of the cosmic far-infrared background level with the ISOPHOT instrument
• ALMACAL VIII: A pilot survey for untargeted extragalactic CO emission lines in deep ALMA calibration data
• ALMACAL VII: First Interferometric Number Counts at 650 $\mu$m

Cited by in corpus (13)

• The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: the radio view of the cosmic star formation history
• A${}^3$COSMOS and A${}^3$GOODSS: Continuum Source Catalogues and Multi-band Number Counts
• NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey: Survey Description and Galaxy Number Counts
• Dust Properties of 870 Micron Selected Galaxies in the GOODS-S
• ASW${}^2$DF: Census of the obscured star formation in a galaxy cluster in formation at $z=2.2$
• ALMACAL. XI. Over-densities as signposts to proto-clusters? A cautionary tale
• SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES). V. Confusion-limited Submillimeter Galaxy Number Counts at 450 $\mu$m and Data Release for the COSMOS Field
• 2mm Observations and the Search for High-Redshift Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
• The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. VI. Lensing-corrected 1.1mm number counts in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell 370 and Abell S1063
• ADF22+: a declining faint end in the far-infrared luminosity function in the SSA22 protocluster at z=3.09
• A mock redshift catalogue of the dusty star-forming galaxy population with intrinsic clustering and lensing for deep millimetre surveys
• Licking the plate: dusty star-forming galaxies buried in the ALMA calibration data
• MUSE-ALMA Haloes XIV: The ALMA Large Programme Data Release