Influence of nuclear structure in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

Many probes are proposed to determine the quark-gluon plasma and explore its properties in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Some of them are related to initial states of the collisions, such as collective flow, Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) correlation, chiral magnetic effects and so on. The initial states can come from geometry overlap of the colliding nuclei, fluctuations or nuclear structure with the intrinsic geometry asymmetry. The initial geometry asymmetry can transfer to the final momentum distribution in the aspect of hydrodynamics during the evolution of the fireball. Different from traditional methods for nuclear structure study, the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions could provide a potential platform to investigate nuclear structures with the help of the final-state observables after the fireball expansion. This chapter first presents a brief introduction of the initial states in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and then delivers a mini-review for the nuclear structure effects on experimental observables in the relativistic energy domain.

arXiv comment28 pages, 21 figures; contribution to the "Handbook of Nuclear Physics", Springer, 2022, edited by I. Tanihata, H. Toki, and T. Kajino

References in corpus (63)

• Experimental and Theoretical Challenges in the Search for the Quark Gluon Plasma: The STAR Collaboration's Critical Assessment of the Evidence from RHIC Collisions
• Relativistic Hadron-Hadron Collisions in the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model (UrQMD)
• Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• A Multi-Phase Transport Model for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Methods for analyzing anisotropic flow in relativistic nuclear collisions
• HIJING 1.0: A Monte Carlo Program for Parton and Particle Production in High Energy Hadronic and Nuclear Collisions
• Collision geometry fluctuations and triangular flow in heavy-ion collisions
• Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Femtoscopy in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions: Two Decades of Progress
• Flow analysis with cumulants: direct calculations
• First Results from Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
• Lattice Results on QCD Thermodynamics
• Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of $A=9,10$ nuclei
• Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions
• Small System Collectivity in Relativistic Hadron and Nuclear Collisions
• Heavy Ion Collisions: Achievements and Challenges
• Evidence for Triangular D_3h Symmetry in 12C
• Flow and interferometry in 3+1 dimensional viscous hydrodynamics
• Ab initio calculation of the spectrum and structure of ${}^{16}$O
• Novel quantum phenomena induced by strong magnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions
• Giant Dipole Resonance as a Fingerprint of $\alpha$ Clustering Configurations in ${}^{12}$C and ${}^{16}$O
• GLISSANDO 2: GLauber Initial-State Simulation AND mOre..., ver. 2
• The algebraic cluster model. Three-body clusters
• Further developments of a multi-phase transport model for relativistic nuclear collisions
• Evidence of quadrupole and octupole deformations in ${}^{96}$Zr+${}^{96}$Zr and ${}^{96}$Ru+${}^{96}$Ru collisions at ultra-relativistic energies
• Test the chiral magnetic effect with isobaric collisions
• Chiral Magnetic Effect Task Force Report
• Importance of isobar density distributions on the chiral magnetic effect search
• Inelastic form factors to alpha particle condensate states in 12C and 16O: what can we learn ?
• Determine the neutron skin type by relativistic isobaric collisions
• Electric Fields and Chiral Magnetic Effect in Cu + Au Collisions
• Signatures of alpha clustering in light nuclei from relativistic nuclear collisions
• Shrinking the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Probing the neutron skin with ultrarelativistic isobaric collisions
• Multi-particle and charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
• Scaling of Anisotropic Flow and Momentum-Space Densities for Light Particles in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
• Nuclear cluster structure effect on elliptic and triangular flows in heavy-ion collisions
• Field-induced spin mixing in ultrathin superconducting Al and Be films in high parallel magnetic fields
• Signatures of $\alpha$ clustering in ${}^{16}$O by using a multiphase transport model
• Extended Skyrme interactions for nuclear matter, finite nuclei and neutron stars
• $\alpha$-clustering effect on flows of direct photons in heavy-ion collisions
• Signatures of $\alpha$ clustering in ultra-relativistic collisions with light nuclei
• Influence of the neutron-skin effect on nuclear isobar collisions at RHIC
• Multi-phase transport model predictions of isobaric collisions with nuclear structures from density functional theory
• Alpha clusters and collective flow in ultra-relativistic carbon - heavy nucleus collisions
• Influence of neutron-skin thickness on ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio in Pb+Pb collisions
• System dependence of away-side broadening and $\alpha$-clustering light nuclei structure effect in dihadron azimuthal correlations
• Neutron skin and centrality classification in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
• Initial partonic eccentricity fluctuations in a multi-phase transport model
• The container picture with two-alpha correlation for the ground state of ${}^{12}$C
• Clustering structure effect on Hanbury-Brown-Twiss correlation in ${}^{12}$C + ${}^{197}$Au collisions at 200 GeV}
• Measuring neutron skin by grazing isobaric collisions
• Anisotropy fluctuation and correlation in central $\alpha$-clustered ${}^{12}$C+${}^{197}$Au collisions
• Elliptic flows of light nuclei
• Neutron-skin effect in direct-photon and charged hadron-production in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
• Electromagnetic field from asymmetric to symmetric heavy ion collision at 200 GeV/c
• Spin-isospin correlated configurations in complex nuclei and neutron skin effect in W${}^{\pm }$ production in high-energy proton-lead collisions
• Exploring Origins for Correlations between Flow Harmonics and Transverse Momentum in Small Collision Systems (Unambiguous Ambiguity)
• Thermal photons as a sensitive probe of $\alpha$-cluster in C+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Collision system size scan of collective flows in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Higher order cumulants of transverse momentum and harmonic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Effects of neutron-skin thickness on direct hard photon emission from reactions induced by the neutron-rich projectile ${}^{50}$Ca
• The effect of neutron skin on inclusive prompt photon production in Pb~+~Pb collisions at the LHC

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Phase Transition Study meets Machine Learning
• Hyperon polarization and its relation with directed flow in high-energy nuclear collisions