Linking chromospheric activity and magnetic field properties for late-type dwarf stars

Abstract

Spectropolarimetric data allow for simultaneous monitoring of stellar chromospheric $\log R_{\mathrm{HK}}^{\prime }$ activity and the surface-averaged longitudinal magnetic field, $B_l$, giving the opportunity to probe the relationship between large-scale stellar magnetic fields and chromospheric manifestations of magnetism. We present $\log R_{\mathrm{HK}}^{\prime }$ and/or $B_l$ measurements for 954 mid-F to mid-M stars derived from spectropolarimetric observations contained within the PolarBase database. Our magnetically active sample complements previous stellar activity surveys that focus on inactive planet-search targets. We find a positive correlation between mean $\log R_{\mathrm{HK}}^{\prime }$ and mean $\log |B_l|$, but for G stars the relationship may undergo a change between $\log R_{\mathrm{HK}}^{\prime }\sim -4.4$ and $-4.8$. The mean $\log R_{\mathrm{HK}}^{\prime }$ shows a similar change with respect to the $\log R_{\mathrm{HK}}^{\prime }$ variability amplitude for intermediately-active G stars. We also combine our results with archival chromospheric activity data and published observations of large-scale magnetic field geometries derived using Zeeman Doppler Imaging. The chromospheric activity data indicate a slight under-density of late-F to early-K stars with $-4.75\le \log R_{\mathrm{HK}}^{\prime }\le -4.5$. This is not as prominent as the original Vaughan-Preston gap, and we do not detect similar under-populated regions in the distributions of the mean $|B_l|$, or the $B_l$ and $\log R_{\mathrm{HK}}^{\prime }$ variability amplitudes. Chromospheric activity, activity variability and toroidal field strength decrease on the main sequence as rotation slows. For G stars, the disappearance of dominant toroidal fields occurs at a similar chromospheric activity level as the change in the relationships between chromospheric activity, activity variability and mean field strength.

arXiv comment20 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables

References in corpus (84)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Gaia mission
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Convective Boundaries, Element Diffusion, and Massive Star Explosions
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) 0: Methods for the construction of stellar isochrones
• No planet for HD 166435
• On the rotational evolution of solar- and late-type stars, its magnetic origins, and the possibility of stellar gyrochronology
• Magnetic fields of non-degenerate stars
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample
• Constraining the Age-Activity Relation for Cool Stars: The SDSS DR5 Low-Mass Star Spectroscopic Sample
• The Ages of Stars
• Chromospheric CaII Emission in Nearby F, G, K, and M stars
• Chromospheric Activity and Jitter Measurements for 2630 Stars on the California Planet Search
• Large-scale magnetic topologies of late M dwarfs
• Large-scale magnetic topologies of mid-M dwarfs
• Rotation and Activity in Mid-M to L Dwarfs
• Least squares deconvolution of the stellar intensity and polarization spectra
• Large-scale magnetic topologies of early M dwarfs
• Toroidal versus poloidal magnetic fields in Sun-like stars: a rotation threshold
• Chromospheric Activity, Rotation, and Rotational Braking in M and L Dwarfs
• Solar cycle prediction
• The active lives of stars: a complete description of rotation and XUV evolution of F, G, K, and M dwarfs
• Chromospheric activity catalogue of 4454 cool stars. Questioning the active branch of stellar activity cycles
• TW Hydrae: evidence of stellar spots instead of a Hot Jupiter
• Patterns of photometric and chromospheric variation among Sun-like stars: A 20-year perspective
• Improved angular momentum evolution model for solar-like stars II. Exploring the mass dependence
• Magnetospheric accretion on the T Tauri star BP Tauri
• Searching for Star-Planet interactions within the magnetosphere of HD 189733
• Rotation periods of late-type dwarf stars from time-series high-resolution spectroscopy of chromospheric indicators
• A Bcool magnetic snapshot survey of solar-type stars
• Magnetic cycles of the planet-hosting star tauBootis
• Can we predict the global magnetic topology of a pre-main sequence star from its position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?
• Magnetic activity in the HARPS M-dwarf sample. The rotation-activity relationship for very low-mass stars through R'HK
• The evolution of surface magnetic fields in young solar-type stars I: the first 250 Myr
• Magnetic cycles of the planet-hosting star Tau Bootis: II. a second magnetic polarity reversal
• PolarBase: a data base of high resolution spectropolarimetric stellar observations
• The evolution of surface magnetic fields in young solar-type stars II: The early main sequence (250-650 Myr)
• Magnetospheric accretion and spin-down of the prototypical classical T Tauri star AATau
• Stellar Evidence that the Solar Dynamo may be in Transition
• Stellar chromospheric activity of 1,674 FGK stars from the AMBRE-HARPS sample I. A catalogue of homogeneous chromospheric activity
• The large-scale magnetic field and poleward mass accretion of the classical T Tauri star TW Hya
• Non-stationary dynamo & magnetospheric accretion processes of the classical T Tauri star V2129 Oph
• Chromospheric Activities and Kinematics for Solar Type Dwarfs and Subgiants: Analysis of the Activity Distribution and the AVR
• The Sun is less active than other solar-like stars
• The Solar Twin Planet Search: The age - chromospheric activity relation
• Spectropolarimetric observations of the transiting planetary system of the K dwarf HD 189733
• Magnetic field, differential rotation and activity of the hot-Jupiter hosting star HD 179949
• Modeling the RV jitter of early M dwarfs using tomographic imaging
• A small survey of the magnetic fields of planet-host stars
• The connection between stellar activity cycles and magnetic field topology
• Estimating magnetic filling factors from Zeeman-Doppler magnetograms
• A solar-like magnetic cycle on the mature K-dwarf 61 Cyg A (HD 201091)
• Chromospheric activity of Southern Stars from the Magellan Planet Search Program
• Magnetic field and wind of Kappa Ceti: towards the planetary habitability of the young Sun when life arose on Earth
• The Effect of Combined Magnetic Geometries on Thermally Driven Winds II: Dipolar, Quadrupolar and Octupolar Topologies
• The close classical T Tauri binary V4046 Sgr: Complex magnetic fields & distributed mass accretion
• Activity trends in young solar-type stars
• Evolution of coexisting long and short period stellar activity cycles
• Modelling the magnetic activity & filtering radial velocity curves of young Suns: the weak-line T Tauri star LkCa 4
• The magnetic fields of intermediate-mass T Tauri stars : I. Magnetic detections and fundamental stellar parameters
• The Evolving Magnetic Topology of $\tau$ Boötis
• Magnetic activity and hot Jupiters of young Suns: the weak-line T Tauri stars V819 Tau and V830 Tau
• Magnetospheric accretion on the fully-convective classical T Tauri star DN Tau
• Direct observation of magnetic cycles in Sun-like stars
• Magnetic fields on young, moderately rotating Sun-like stars - I: HD~35296 and HD~29615
• Variable magnetic field geometry of the young sun HN Peg (HD 206860)
• Do non-dipolar magnetic fields contribute to spin-down torques?
• Magnetic fields on young, moderately rotating Sun-like stars II. EK Draconis (HD 129333)
• The solar wind in time: a change in the behaviour of older winds?
• On the mass accretion rate and infrared excess in Herbig Ae/Be Stars
• The relation between stellar magnetic field geometry and chromospheric activity cycles II: The rapid 120 day magnetic cycle of Tau Bootis
• Direct evidence of a full dipole flip during the magnetic cycle of a sun-like star
• Characterisation of the HD 219134 multi-planet system I. Observations of stellar magnetism, wind, and high-energy flux
• Magnetic fields in fully convective M-dwarfs: oscillatory dynamos vs bistability
• The relation between stellar magnetic field geometry and chromospheric activity cycles I: The highly variable field of Epsilon Eridani at activity minimum
• Magnetic topologies of young suns: The weak-line T Tauri stars TWA 6 and TWA 8A
• Identifying solar-like magnetic cycles with Zeeman-Doppler-Imaging (ZDI)
• Connecting the large- and the small-scale magnetic fields of solar-like stars
• New insights into black bodies
• Magnetic field and chromospheric activity evolution of HD75332: a rapid magnetic cycle in an F star without a hot Jupiter
• Determination of Starspot Covering Fraction as a function of Stellar Age from Observational Data

Cited by in corpus (17)

• Setting the stage for the search for life with the Habitable Worlds Observatory: Properties of 164 promising planet survey targets
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A long-period planet around GJ 1151 measured with CARMENES and HARPS-N data
• Temporal variation of the photometric magnetic activity for the Sun and Kepler solar-like stars
• Surface magnetism of rapidly rotating red giants: single versus close binary stars
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Variability on long timescales as seen in chromospheric indicators
• HST Low Resolution Stellar Library
• Kepler main-sequence solar-like stars: surface rotation and magnetic-activity evolution
• Magnetic activity of red giants: correlation between the amplitude of solar-like oscillations and chromospheric indicators
• Signature of spin-down stalling in stellar magnetic activity. The case of the open cluster NGC 6811
• Stellar Chromospheric Activity Database of Solar-like Stars Based on the LAMOST Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey: II. the bolometric and photospheric calibration
• A Spectroscopic Analysis of a Sample of K2 Planet-Host Stars: Stellar Parameters, Metallicities and Planetary Radii
• KOBE-1: The first planetary system from the KOBE survey. Two planets likely residing in the sub-Neptune mass regime around a late K-dwarf
• Multi-wavelength aperture polarimetry of debris disc host stars
• Four ages of rotating stars in the rotation--activity relationship and gyrochronology
• Stellar Characterization and a Chromospheric Activity Analysis of a K2 Sample of Planet-Hosting Stars
• Breaking gyrochronology through the collapse of coronal winds
• The SOL $\text{(Solar Origin and Life)}$ Project: Detailed characterization of candidates for the ZAMS and Subgiant stages