Nodal Precession and Tidal Evolution of Two Hot-Jupiters: WASP-33 b and KELT-9 b

Abstract

Hot Jupiters orbiting rapidly rotating stars on inclined orbits undergo tidally induced nodal precession measurable over several years of observations. The Hot Jupiters WASP-33 b and KELT-9 b are particularly interesting targets as they are among the hottest planets found to date, orbiting relatively massive stars. Here, we analyze archival and new data that span 11 and 5 years for WASP-33 b and KELT-9 b, respectively, in order to to model and improve upon their tidal precession parameters. Our work confirms the nodal precession for WASP-33 b and presents the first clear detection of the precession of KELT-9 b. We determine that WASP-33 and KELT-9 have gravitational quadrupole moments $(6.3_{-0.8}^{+1.2})\times 10^{-5}$ and $(3.26_{-0.80}^{+0.93})\times 10^{-4}$, respectively. We estimate the planets' precession periods to be $1460_{-130}^{+170}$ years and $890_{-140}^{+200}$ years, respectively, and that they will cease to transit their host stars around the years $2090_{-10}^{+17}$~CE and $2074_{-10}^{+12}$~CE, respectively. Additionally, we investigate both planets' tidal and orbital evolution, suggesting that a high-eccentricity tidal migration scenario is possible to produce both system architectures and that they will most likely not be engulfed by their hosts before the end of their main sequence lifetimes.

14 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ

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• The GAPS Programme at TNG. XLI. The climate of KELT-9b revealed with a new approach to high spectral resolution phase curves
• DREAM II. The spin-orbit angle distribution of close-in exoplanets under the lens of tides
• Keck/KPIC Emission Spectroscopy of WASP-33b
• Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b
• The phase curve of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-167b as seen by TESS
• PEPSI Investigation, Retrieval, and Atlas of Numerous Giant Atmospheres (PIRANGA). III. Composition and winds in the atmosphere of TOI-1518 b
• The low density, hot Jupiter TOI-640 b is on a polar orbit
• True spin-orbit obliquities distribution: data-driven confirmation of no clustering of misaligned planets
• CHEOPS observations confirm nodal precession in the WASP-33 system
• Exoplanet Nodal Precession Induced by Rapidly Rotating Stars: Impacts on Transit Probabilities and Biases
• Thermal emission spectra of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33 b
• TESS phase curve of ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b