Quantization of mode shifts in nanocavities integrated with atomically thin sheets

Abstract

The unique optical properties of two-dimensional layered materials are attractive for achieving increased functionality in integrated photonics. Owing to the van der Waals nature, these materials are ideal for integrating with nanoscale photonic structures. Here we report on carefully designed air-mode silicon photonic crystal nanobeam cavities for efficient control through two-dimensional materials. By systematically investigating various types and thickness of two-dimensional materials, we are able to show that enhanced responsivity allows for giant shifts of the resonant wavelength. With atomically precise thickness over a macroscopic area, few-layer flakes give rise to quantization of the mode shifts. We extract the dielectric constant of the flakes and find that it is independent of the layer number down to a monolayer. Flexible reconfiguration of a cavity is demonstrated by stacking and removing ultrathin flakes. With an unconventional cavity design, our results open up new possibilities for photonic devices integrated with two-dimensional materials.

8 pages, 5 figures

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Cited by in corpus (9)

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• Van der Waals functionalization of ultrahigh-Q silica microcavities for ${\chi }^{(2)}$-${\chi }^{(3)}$ hybrid nonlinear photonics
• Hybrid silicon all-optical switching devices integrated with two-dimensional material
• Self-aligned hybrid nanocavities using atomically thin materials
• Ultrafast acoustic modulation of second-harmonic generation in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Dielectric environment engineering via 2D material heterostructure formation on hybrid photonic crystal nanocavity
• Planar Bragg microcavities with monolayer WS${}_2$ for strong exciton-photon coupling