Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Limits and Relic Gravitational Waves Detection Prospects

Abstract

We revisit the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) limits on primordial magnetic fields and/or turbulent motions accounting for the decaying nature of turbulent sources between the time of generation and BBN. This leads to larger estimates for the gravitational wave (GW) signal than previously expected. We address the detection prospects through space-based interferometers (for GWs generated around the electroweak energy scale) as well as pulsar timing arrays and astrometric missions (for GWs generated around the quantum chromodynamics energy scale).

9 pages; 6 figures; discussions and references added; typos fixed; conclusions unchanged

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• Galactic Dynamos
• Constraints on Primordial Magnetic Fields from their impact on the ionization history with Planck 2018
• Primordial magnetic field as a common solution of nanohertz gravitational waves and the Hubble tension
• LiteBIRD Science Goals and Forecasts: Primordial Magnetic Fields
• Neutrino Non-standard Interactions with arbitrary couplings to u and d quarks
• Evolution of magnetic fields in cosmic string wakes
• Inflationary and phase-transitional primordial magnetic fields in galaxy clusters
• Model-independent search for anisotropies in stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and application to LIGO-Virgo's first three observing Runs
• LISA and $\gamma$-ray telescopes as multi-messenger probes of a first-order cosmological phase transition