Planetary Nebulae: Sources of Enlightenment

Abstract

In this review/tutorial we explore planetary nebulae as a stage in the evolution of low-to-intermediate-mass stars, as major contributors to the mass and chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium, and as astrophysical laboratories. We discuss many observed properties of planetary nebulae, placing particular emphasis on element abundance determinations and comparisons with theoretical predictions. Dust and molecules associated with planetary nebulae are considered as well. We then examine distances, binarity, and planetary nebula morphology and evolution. We end with mention of some of the advances that will be enabled by future observing capabilities.

arXiv commentInvited review. Accepted for publication in PASP; 67 pages, 10 tables, 30 figures

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• The population of planetary nebulae near the Galactic centre: chemical abundances
• The Light Element Abundance Distribution in NGC 5128 from Planetary Nebulae
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• Ionization correction factors for sodium, potassium, and calcium in planetary nebulae
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• Metallicity gradients in M31, M33, NGC 300 and the Milky Way using abundances of different elements
• Surveying Planetary Nebulae Central Stars for Close Binaries: Constraining Evolution of Central Stars Based on Binary Parameters
• Abundances in Galactic Bulge planetary nebulae from optical, ultraviolet and infrared observations
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XVII. A Search for Planetary Nebulae in Virgo Cluster Globular Clusters
• The evolution of planetary nebulae VI. On the chemical composition of the metal-poor PN G135.9+55.9
• Radial metallicity gradients with Galactic nebular probes
• Post-AGB nebular studies
• Hunting for Planetary Nebulae toward the Galactic Center

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