A hydrodynamical study of multiple-shell planetary nebulae. III. Expansion properties and internal kinematics: Theory versus observation

Abstract

We present the result of a study on the expansion properties and internal kinematics of round/elliptical planetary nebulae of the Milky Way disk, the halo, and of the globular cluster M15. The purpose of this study is to considerably enlarge the small sample of nebulae with precisely determined expansion properties. To this aim, we selected a representative sample of objects with different evolutionary stages and metallicities and conducted high-resolution echelle spectroscopy. In most cases, we succeeded in detecting the weak signals from the outer nebular shell which are attached to the main line emission from the bright nebular rim. Next to the measurement of the motion of the rim gas by decomposition of the main line components into Gaussians, we were able to measure separately, for most objects for the first time, the gas velocity immediately behind the leading shock of the shell, i.e. the post-shock velocity. We more than doubled the number of objects for which the velocities of both rim and shell are known and confirm that the overall expansion of planetary nebulae is accelerating with time. There are, however, differences between the expansion behaviour of the shell and the rim. This observed distinct velocity evolution of both rim and shell is explained by radiation-hydrodynamics simulations, at least qualitatively. Because of the time-dependent boundary conditions, a planetary nebula will never evolve into a simple self-similar expansion. Also the metal-poor objects behave as theory predicts: The post-shock velocities are higher and the rim flow velocities are equal or even lower compared to disk objects at similar evolutionary stage. We detected, for the first time, in some objects an asymmetric expansion behaviour: The relative expansions between rim and shell appear to be different for the receding and approaching parts of the nebular envelope.

arXiv comment32 pages, 19 Figures; accepted for publication in "Astronomical Notes / Astronomische Nachrichten"

References in corpus (30)

• Sulfur, Chlorine, and Argon Abundances in Planetary Nebulae. IV: Synthesis and the Sulfur Anomaly
• The dynamical M/L-profile and distance of the globular cluster M15
• Do most planetary nebulae derive from binaries? I Population synthesis model of the galactic planetary nebula population produced by singlestars and binaries
• The Dynamical Evolution of the Circumstellar Gas around Low- and Intermediate-Mass stars.II. The Planetary Nebula formation
• Self-similar champagne flows in HII regions
• Radiation-driven winds of hot luminous stars. XV. Constraints on the mass-luminosity relation of central stars of planetary nebulae
• Radiation gasdynamics of planetary nebulae -- VI. The evolution of aspherical planetary nebulae
• On expansion parallax distances for planetary nebulae
• A self-consistent stellar and 3D nebular model for Planetary Nebula IC418
• The evolution of planetary nebulae. VIII. True expansion rates and visibility times
• Detailed Far-UV to Optical Analysis of Four [WR] Stars
• Planetary nebulae abundances and stellar evolution II
• The Origin and Evolution of the Halo PN BoBn 1: From a Viewpoint of Chemical Abundances Based on Multiwavelength Spectra
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Planetary Nebula K648 in the Globular Cluster M15
• The evolution of planetary nebulae VII. Modelling planetary nebulae of distant stellar systems
• Stellar archaeology: the evolving spectrum of FG Sge
• Spatially resolved spectroscopy of planetary nebulae and their halos I. Five galactic disk objects
• The 3-D ionization structure and evolution of NGC 7009 (Saturn Nebula)
• Spectral analysis of the sdO K 648, the exciting star of the planetary nebula Ps 1 in the globular cluster M 15 (NGC 7078)
• Kinematics, turbulence and evolution of planetary nebulae
• The influence of binarity on dust obscuration events in the planetary nebula M 2-29 and its analogues
• The Acceleration of the Nebular Shells in Planetary Nebulae in the Milky Way Bulge
• Hydrodynamical Velocity Fields in Planetary Nebulae
• The Evolution of the Kinematics of Nebular Shells in Planetary Nebulae in the Milky Way Bulge
• NLTE Model of NGC 6543's Central Star and its Relation with the Surrounding Planetary Nebula
• Discovery of Multiple Shells Around the Planetary Nebula IC 418
• Disk evaporation in a planetary nebula
• A FUSE View of the Stellar Winds of Planetary Nebula Central Stars
• Observational Study of the Multistructured Planetary Nebula NGC 7354
• Newly discovered halos and outer features around southern planetary nebulae

Cited by in corpus (30)

• Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Evolution of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Stars. Preliminary Results
• New models for the evolution of Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae
• Planetary Nebulae: Sources of Enlightenment
• The Chandra Planetary Nebula Survey (ChanPlaNS). II. X-ray Emission from Compact Planetary Nebulae
• Bipolar Planetary Nebulae from Outflow Collimation by Common Envelope Evolution
• PHANGS-MUSE: Detection and Bayesian classification of ~40000 ionised nebulae in nearby spiral galaxies
• The circumstellar matter of supernova 2014J and the core-degenerate scenario
• Properties of central stars of planetary nebulae with distances in Gaia DR2
• An Imaging Spectroscopic Survey of the Planetary Nebula NGC 7009 with MUSE
• Fornax 3D project: automated detection of planetary nebulae in the centres of early-type galaxies and first results
• Masses of the Planetary-Nebula Central Stars in the Galactic Globular-Cluster System from HST Imaging and Spectroscopy
• 3D pyCloudy modelling of bipolar planetary nebulae: evidence for fast fading of the lobes
• Distance mapping applied to four well-known planetary nebulae and a nova shell
• The kinematical behaviour of ORLs and CELs in Galactic PNe
• Planetary Nebulae Research: Past, Present, and Future
• Confronting expansion distances of planetary nebulae with Gaia DR2 measurements
• Hot bubbles of planetary nebulae with hydrogen-deficient winds - II. Analytical approximations with application to BD+30${}^{\circ }$3639
• The kinematics of the nebular shells around low mass progenitors of PNe with low metallicity
• The Decline and Fall of the Youngest Planetary Nebula
• The planetary nebula IC 5148 and its ionized halo
• Green Bank Telescope Observations of ${}^3\mathbf{H}{\mathbf{e}}^{+}$: Planetary Nebulae
• HST/WFPC2 imaging analysis and Cloudy modelling of the multiple shell planetary nebulae NGC 3242, NGC 6826 and NGC 7662
• The Owl and other strigiform nebulae: multipolar cavities within a filled shell
• Estimate of the Mass and Radial Profile of the Orphan-Chenab Stream's Dwarf Galaxy Progenitor Using MilkyWay@home
• Confirmation of the planetary nebula nature of HaTr 5. Not the remnant of Nova Sco 1437
• The five axes of the Turtle: symmetry and asymmetry in NGC 6210
• Photoionization models of Planetary Nebulae
• Discovery of Extended Structures around Two Evolved Planetary Nebulae M 2-55 and Abell 2
• Current Unsolved Problems in Planetary Nebulae Research
• Hot bubbles of planetary nebulae with hydrogen-deficient winds. III. Formation and evolution in comparison with hydrogen-rich bubbles