A VLA Survey of Late-time Radio Emission from Superluminous Supernovae and the Host Galaxies

Abstract

We present the results of 3 GHz radio continuum observations of 23 superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) and their host galaxies by using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array conducted 5-21 years after the explosions. The sample consists of 15 Type I and 8 Type II SLSNe at z < 0.3, providing one of the largest sample of SLSNe with late-time radio data. We detected radio emission from one SLSN (PTF10hgi) and 5 hosts with a significance of >5$\sigma$. No time variability is found in late-time radio light curves of the radio-detected sources in a timescale of years except for PTF10hgi, whose variability is reported in a separate study. Comparison of star-formation rates (SFRs) derived from the 3 GHz flux densities with those derived from SED modeling based on UV-NIR data shows that four hosts have an excess of radio SFRs, suggesting obscured star formation. Upper limits for undetected hosts and stacked results show that the majority of the SLSN hosts do not have a significant obscured star formation. By using the 3 GHz upper limits, we constrain the parameters for afterglows arising from interaction between initially off-axis jets and circumstellar medium (CSM). We found that the models with higher energies ($E_{\mathrm{iso}}\gtrsim$ several $\times 10^{53}$ erg) and CSM densities ($n\gtrsim 0.01$ cm${}^{-3}$) are excluded, but lower energies or CSM densities are not excluded with the current data. We also constrained the models of pulsar wind nebulae powered by a newly born magnetar for a subsample of SLSNe with model predictions in the literature.

Accepted for publication in ApJ, 16 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables

References in corpus (17)

• The Herschel view of the dominant mode of galaxy growth from z=4 to the present day
• A fast radio burst associated with a Galactic magnetar
• A bright millisecond-duration radio burst from a Galactic magnetar
• Pulsational pair instability as an explanation for the most luminous supernovae
• Spectroscopy of superluminous supernova host galaxies. A preference of hydrogen-poor events for extreme emission line galaxies
• Shell-shocked diffusion model for the light curve of SN2006gy
• The Constant Average Relationship between Dust-obscured Star Formation and Stellar Mass from $z=0$ to $z=2.5$
• Super-luminous supernovae at redshifts of 2.05 and 3.90
• Gamma-Ray and Hard X-Ray Emission from Pulsar-Aided Supernovae as a Probe of Particle Acceleration in Embryonic Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• A Search for Late-Time Radio Emission and Fast Radio Bursts from Superluminous Supernovae
• Dust-to-gas ratio, $X_{\mathrm{CO}}$ factor and CO-dark gas in the Galactic anticentre: an observational study
• Late-Time Radio and Millimeter Observations of Superluminous Supernovae and Long Gamma Ray Bursts: Implications for Obscured Star Formation, Central Engines, and Fast Radio Bursts
• ALMA and NOEMA constraints on synchrotron nebular emission from embryonic superluminous supernova remnants and radio-gamma-ray connection
• Radio emission from a decade old Type I superluminous supernova, PTF10hgi: Comparison with FRB121102
• The VLA Frontier Field Survey: A Comparison of the Radio and UV/optical size of $0.3\lesssim z\lesssim 3$ star-forming galaxies
• Variability of Late-time Radio Emission in SLSN PTF10hgi
• Spatially Resolved Molecular Gas Properties of Host Galaxy of Type I Superluminous Supernova SN 2017egm