Chandra Observations of the Planck ESZ Sample: A Re-Examination of Masses and Mass Proxies

Abstract

Using Chandra observations, we derive the $Y_{\mathrm{X}}$ proxy and associated total mass measurement, $M_{500}^{{\mathrm{Y}}_{\mathrm{X}}}$, for 147 clusters with $z\le 0.35$ from the Planck Early Sunyaev-Zel'dovich catalog, and for 80 clusters with $z\le 0.30$ from an X-ray flux-limited sample. We re-extract the Planck $Y_{\mathrm{SZ}}$ measurements and obtain the corresponding mass proxy, $M_{500}^{\mathrm{SZ}}$, from the full Planck mission maps, minimizing the Malmquist bias due to observational scatter. The masses re-extracted using the more precise X-ray position and characteristic size agree with the published PSZ2 values, but yield a significant reduction in the scatter (by a factor of two) in the $M_{500}^{\mathrm{SZ}}$-$M_{500}^{\mathrm{X}}$ relation. The slope is $0.93\pm 0.03$, and the median ratio, $M_{500}^{\mathrm{SZ}}/M_{500}^{\mathrm{X}}=0.91\pm 0.01$, is within the expectations from known X-ray calibration systematics. The $Y_{\mathrm{SZ}}/Y_{\mathrm{X}}$ ratio is $0.88\pm 0.02$, in good agreement with predictions from cluster structure, and implying a low level of clumpiness. In agreement with the findings of the Planck Collaboration, the slope of the $Y_{\mathrm{SZ}}$-$D_{\mathrm{A}}^{-2}{Y}_X$ flux relation is significantly less than unity ($0.89\pm 0.01$). Using extensive simulations, we show that this result is not due to selection effects, intrinsic scatter, or covariance between quantities. We demonstrate analytically that changing the $Y_{\mathrm{SZ}}$-$Y_X$ relation from apparent flux to intrinsic properties results in a best-fit slope that is closer to unity and increases the dispersion about the relation. The redistribution resulting from this transformation implies that the best fit parameters of the $M_{500}^{\mathrm{SZ}}$-$M_{500}^{\mathrm{X}}$ relation will be sample-dependent.

28 pages, 15 figures, and 6 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

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