Gyro-Kinematic Ages for around 30,000 Kepler Stars

Abstract

Estimating stellar ages is important for advancing our understanding of stellar and exoplanet evolution and investigating the history of the Milky Way. However, ages for low-mass stars are hard to infer as they evolve slowly on the main sequence. In addition, empirical dating methods are difficult to calibrate for low-mass stars as they are faint. In this work, we calculate ages for Kepler F, G, and crucially K and M dwarfs, using their rotation and kinematic properties. We apply the simple assumption that the velocity dispersion of stars increases over time and adopt an age--velocity--dispersion relation (AVR) to estimate average stellar ages for groupings of coeval stars. We calculate the vertical velocity dispersion of stars in bins of absolute magnitude, temperature, rotation period, and Rossby number and then convert velocity dispersion to kinematic age via an AVR. Using this method, we estimate gyro-kinematic ages for 29,949 Kepler stars with measured rotation periods. We are able to estimate ages for clusters and asteroseismic stars with an RMS of 1.22 Gyr and 0.26 Gyr respectively. With our Astraea machine learning algorithm, which predicts rotation periods, we suggest a new selection criterion (a weight of 0.15) to increase the size of the McQuillian et al. (2014) catalog of Kepler rotation periods by up to 25%. Using predicted rotation periods, we estimated gyro-kinematic ages for stars without measured rotation periods and found promising results by comparing 12 detailed age--element abundance trends with literature values.

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Cited by in corpus (19)

• A 4 Gyr M-dwarf Gyrochrone from CFHT/MegaPrime Monitoring of the Open Cluster M67
• Galactic Kinematics and Observed Flare Rates of a Volume-Complete Sample of Mid-to-Late M-dwarfs: Constraints on the History of the Stellar Radiation Environment of Planets Orbiting Low-mass Stars
• Bridging the gap -- the disappearance of the intermediate period gap for fully convective stars, uncovered by new ZTF rotation periods
• Rotation Distributions around the Kraft Break with TESS and Kepler: The Influences of Age, Metallicity, and Binarity
• Untangling the Galaxy. IV. Empirical Constraints on Angular Momentum Evolution and Gyrochronology for Young Stars in the Field
• Magnetic activity evolution of solar-like stars: I. S_ph-Age relation derived from Kepler observations
• Rotation at the Fully Convective Boundary: Insights from Wide WD + MS Binary Systems
• Active Stars in the Spectroscopic Survey of Mid-to-Late M Dwarfs Within 15pc
• Is [Y/Mg] a Reliable Age Diagnostic for FGK Stars?
• The breakdown of current gyrochronology as evidenced by old coeval stars
• NGTS clusters survey $-$ V: Rotation in the Orion Star-forming Complex
• Testing the Rossby Paradigm: Weakened Magnetic Braking in early K-type Stars
• Mutual Occurrence Ratio of Planets. I. New Clues to Reveal Origins of Hot- and Warm-Jupiter from the RV Sample
• Exoplanet Occurrence Rate with Age for FGK Stars in Kepler
• zoomies: A tool to infer stellar age from vertical action in Gaia data
• The 3D Galactocentric velocities of Kepler stars: marginalizing over missing RVs
• Activity of low mass stars in the light of spot signature in the Fourier domain
• Constraints on the Spindown of Fully-Convective M Dwarfs Using Wide Field Binaries
• Discovery of 34 low-mass comoving systems using NOIRLab Source Catalog DR2