Following up TESS Single Transits With Archival Photometry and Radial Velocities

Abstract

NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is expected to discover hundreds of planets via single transits first identified in their light curves. Determining the orbital period of these single transit candidates typically requires a significant amount of follow-up work to observe a second transit or measure a radial velocity orbit. In Yao et al. (2019), we developed simulations that demonstrated the ability to use archival photometric data in combination with TESS to "precover" the orbital period for these candidates with a precision of several minutes, assuming circular orbits. In this work, we incorporate updated models for TESS single transits, allowing for eccentric orbits, along with an updated methodology to improve the reliability of the results. Additionally, we explore how radial velocity (RV) observations can be used to follow up single transit events, using strategies distinct from those employed when the orbital period is known. We find that the use of an estimated period based on a circular orbit to schedule reconnaissance RV observations can efficiently distinguish eclipsing binaries from planets. For candidates that pass reconnaissance RV observations, we simulate RV monitoring campaigns that enable one to obtain an approximate orbital solution. We find this method can regularly determine the orbital periods for planets more massive than 0.5 M_J with orbital periods as long as 100 days.

arXiv comment28 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal

References in corpus (47)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• The WASP Project and the SuperWASP Cameras
• Planetary Radii across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar Insolation: Application to Transits
• A box-fitting algorithm in the search for periodic transits
• The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
• On the Unique Solution of Planet and Star Parameters from an Extrasolar Planet Transit Light Curve
• Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds
• Theory of Low-Mass Stars and Substellar Objects
• RadVel: The Radial Velocity Modeling Toolkit
• The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT): A Small Robotic Telescope for Large-Area Synoptic Surveys
• How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert?: Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars
• Juliet: a versatile modelling tool for transiting and non-transiting exoplanetary systems
• Parametrizing the exoplanet eccentricity distribution with the Beta distribution
• CHIRON - A Fiber Fed Spectrometer for Precise Radial Velocities
• The Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS)
• APF - The Lick Observatory Automated Planet Finder
• Identification of Background False Positives from Kepler Data
• The KELT-South Telescope
• Effects of Orbital Eccentricity on Extrasolar Planet Transit Detection and Lightcurves
• The Joker: A custom Monte Carlo sampler for binary-star and exoplanet radial velocity data
• TESS Spots a Compact System of Super-Earths around the Naked-Eye Star HR 858
• The Exoplanet Eccentricity Distribution from Kepler Planet Candidates
• Spitzer Observations Confirm and Rescue the Habitable-Zone Super-Earth K2-18b for Future Characterization
• Minerva-Australis I: Design, Commissioning, & First Photometric Results
• Impact of Orbital Eccentricity on the Detection of Transiting Extrasolar Planets
• Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA) I. Design, Commissioning, and First Science Results
• The KELT Follow-Up Network and Transit False Positive Catalog: Pre-vetted False Positives for TESS
• Bayesian priors for the eccentricity of transiting planets
• Planet Hunters. VIII. Characterization of 41 Long-Period Exoplanet Candidates from Kepler Archival Data
• Adaptive Scheduling Algorithms for Planet Searches
• Constraining the magnetic field structure in collisionless relativistic shocks with a radio afterglow polarization upper limit in GW170817
• TOI-222: a single-transit TESS candidate revealed to be a 34-day eclipsing binary with CORALIE, EulerCam and NGTS
• An Estimate of the Yield of Single-Transit Planetary Events from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• NGTS-11 b / TOI-1847 b: A transiting warm Saturn recovered from a TESS single-transit event
• The TESS-Keck Survey I: A Warm Sub-Saturn-mass Planet and a Caution about Stray Light in TESS Cameras
• Characterizing Long-Period Transiting Planets Observed by Kepler
• Simulating the M-R Relation from APF follow up of TESS targets: Survey design and strategies for overcoming mass biases
• Single site observations of \textit{TESS} single transit detections
• Simulations for Multi-Object Spectrograph Planet Surveys
• Spitzer Detection of the Transiting Jupiter-analog Exoplanet Kepler-167e
• No Timing Variations Observed in Third Transit of Snow-Line Exoplanet Kepler-421b
• A long period (P = 61.8-d) M5V dwarf eclipsing a Sun-like star from TESS and NGTS
• The K2 and TESS Synergy. I. Updated Ephemerides and Parameters for K2-114, K2-167, K2-237, and K2-261
• Techniques for Finding Close-in, Low-mass Planets around Subgiants
• Precovery of TESS Single Transits with KELT
• SpecPhot: A Comparison of Spectroscopic and Photometric Exoplanet Follow-Up Methods

Cited by in corpus (3)

• The TESS-Keck Survey. VIII. Confirmation of a Transiting Giant Planet on an Eccentric 261 day Orbit with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope
• Identify Light-Curve Signals with Deep Learning Based Object Detection Algorithm. I. Transit Detection
• On the follow-up efforts of long-period transiting planet candidates detected with Gaia astrometry