Identification of Methyl Isocyanate and Other Complex Organic Molecules in a Hot Molecular Core, G31.41+0.31

Abstract

G31.41+0.31 is a well known chemically rich hot molecular core (HMC). Using Band 3 observations of Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), we have analyzed the chemical and physical properties of the source. We have identified methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO), a precursor of prebiotic molecules, towards the source. In addition to this, we have reported complex organic molecules (COMs) like methanol (CH3OH), methanethiol (CH3SH), and methyl formate (CH3OCHO). Additionally, we have used transitions from molecules like HCN, HCO+, SiO to trace the presence of infall and outflow signatures around the star-forming region. For the COMs, we have estimated the column densities and kinetic temperatures, assuming molecular excitation under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions. From the estimated kinetic temperatures of certain COMs, we found that multiple temperature components may be present in the HMC environment. Comparing the obtained molecular column densities between the existing observational results toward other HMCs, it seems that the COMs are favourably produced in the hot-core environment ($\sim 100$ K or higher). Though the spectral emissions towards G31.41+0.31 are not fully resolved, we find that CH${}_3$NCO and other COMs are possibly formed on the grain/ice phase and populate the gas environment similar to other hot cores like Sgr B2, Orion KL, and G10.47+0.03, etc.

28 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

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• Complex organic molecules detected in twelve high-mass star-forming regions with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)
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• Radiative transfer modeling of the observed line profiles in G31.41+0.31
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• HyGAL: Characterizing the Galactic ISM with observations of hydrides and other small molecules II. The absorption line survey with the IRAM 30 m telescope
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• Mapping Physical Conditions in Neighboring Hot Cores: NOEMA Studies of W3(H${}_2$O) and W3(OH)
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• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- X. Chemical differentiation among the massive cores in G9.62+0.19
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