A ring/disk/outflow system associated with W51 North: a very massive star in the making

Abstract

Sensitive and high angular resolution ($\sim$ 0.4\arcsec) SO${}_2$[22${}_{2,20}$ $\to$ 22${}_{1,21}$] and SiO[5$\to$4] line and 1.3 and 7 mm continuum observations made with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Very Large Array (VLA) towards the young massive cluster W51 IRS2 are presented. We report the presence of a large (of about 3000 AU) and massive (40 M${}_{\odot }$) dusty circumstellar disk and a hot gas molecular ring around a high-mass protostar or a compact small stellar system associated with W51 North. The simultaneous observations of the silicon monoxide molecule, an outflow gas tracer, further revealed a massive (200 M${}_{\odot }$) and collimated ($\sim 14^{\circ }$) outflow nearly perpendicular to the dusty and molecular structures suggesting thus the presence of a single very massive protostar with a bolometric luminosity of more than 10${}^5$ L${}_{\odot }$. A molecular hybrid LTE model of a Keplerian and infalling ring with an inner cavity and a central stellar mass of more than 60 M${}_{\odot }$ agrees well with the SO${}_2$[22${}_{2,20}$ $\to$ 22${}_{1,21}$] line observations. Finally, these results suggest that mechanisms, such as mergers of low- and intermediate- mass stars, might be not necessary for forming very massive stars.

Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal

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