Robust All-Optical Single-Shot Readout of NV Centers in Diamond

Abstract

High-fidelity projective readout of a qubit's state in a single experimental repetition is a prerequisite for various quantum protocols of sensing and computing. Achieving single-shot readout is challenging for solid-state qubits. For Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, it has been realized using nuclear memories or resonant excitation at cryogenic temperature. All of these existing approaches have stringent experimental demands. In particular, they require a high efficiency of photon collection, such as immersion optics or all-diamond micro-optics. For some of the most relevant applications, such as shallow implanted NV centers in a cryogenic environment, these tools are unavailable. Here we demonstrate an all-optical spin readout scheme that achieves single-shot fidelity even if photon collection is poor (delivering less than 10${}^3$ clicks/second). The scheme is based on spin-dependent resonant excitation at cryogenic temperature combined with spin-to-charge conversion, mapping the fragile electron spin states to the stable charge states. We prove this technique to work on shallow implanted NV centers as they are required for sensing and scalable NV-based quantum registers.

arXiv comment21 pages including supplementary information; overall improvements

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• Photoionization of negatively charged NV centers in diamond: theory and ab initio calculations
• Learning Quantum Hamiltonians from Single-qubit Measurements
• Dissipative superradiant spin amplifier for enhanced quantum sensing
• In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using single nanodiamond sensors
• High quality-factor diamond-confined open microcavity
• Ground-State Cooling of Levitated Magnets in Low-Frequency Traps
• Modeling temperature-dependent population dynamics in the excited state of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Fiber-taper collected emission from NV centers in high-$Q/V$ diamond microdisks
• Impact of Annealing and Nanostructuring on Properties of NV Centers Created by Different Techniques
• High-Fidelity Electron Spin Gates for Scaling Diamond Quantum Register
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• Enhancement of spin-to-charge conversion of diamond NV centers at ambient conditions using surface electrodes
• Nuclear spin relaxation in solid state defect quantum bits via electron-phonon coupling in their optical excited state
• Role of Oxygen in Laser Induced Contamination at Diamond-Vacuum Interfaces
• Wideband covariance magnetometry below the diffraction limit
• Photoionization detection of a single Er${}^{3+}$ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution
• Laser-cut Patterned, Micrometer-thin Diamond Membranes with Coherent Color Centers for Open Microcavities
• Quantum-impurity sensing of altermagnetic order
• Probing charge dynamics in diamond with an individual color center