Search and analysis of giant radio galaxies with associated nuclei (SAGAN) -- I : New sample and multi-wavelength studies

Abstract

We present the first results of a project called SAGAN, which is dedicated solely to the studies of relatively rare megaparsec-scale radio galaxies in the Universe, called giant radio galaxies (GRGs). We have identified 162 new GRGs primarily from the NVSS with sizes ranging from ~0.71 Mpc to 2.82 Mpc in the redshift range of ~0.03 - 0.95, of which 23 are hosted by quasars (giant radio quasars, GRQs). As part of the project SAGAN, we have created a database of all known GRGs, the GRG catalogue, from the literature (including our new sample); it includes 820 sources. For the first time, we present the multi-wavelength properties of the largest sample of GRGs. Our results establish that the distributions of the radio spectral index and the black hole mass of GRGs do not differ from the corresponding distributions of normal-sized radio galaxies (RGs). However, GRGs have a lower Eddington ratio (ER) than RGs. Using the mid-infrared data, we classified GRGs in terms of their accretion mode: either a high-power radiatively efficient high-excitation state, or a radiatively inefficient low-excitation state. We find that GRGs in high-excitation state statistically have larger sizes, stronger radio power, jet kinetic power, and higher ER than those in low-excitation state. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between the ER and the scaled jet kinetic power, which suggests a disc-jet coupling. Our environmental study reveals that ~10% of all GRGs may reside at the centres of galaxy clusters, in a denser galactic environment, while the majority appears to reside in a sparse environment. We find that the probability of BCG as a GRG is quite low. We present new results for GRGs that range from black hole mass to large-scale environment properties. We discuss their formation and growth scenarios, highlighting the key physical factors that cause them to reach their gigantic size. Abridged.

Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 14 figures, 7 tables and 7 montages. Comments are welcome. "SAGAN Project website https://sites.google.com/site/anantasakyatta/sagan"

References in corpus (29)

• K-corrections and filter transformations in the ultraviolet, optical, and near infrared
• Hot and cold gas accretion and feedback in radio-loud active galaxies
• The Evolution of Black Hole Mass and Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Influence of Magnetic Field Geometry on the Evolution of Black Hole Accretion Flows: Similar Disks, Drastically Different Jets
• Revisiting the Fanaroff-Riley dichotomy and radio-galaxy morphology with the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS)
• Black-Hole Spin and Galactic Morphology
• Disk-Jet Coupling in Black Hole Accretion Systems I: General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamical Models
• In search of dying radio sources in the local universe
• The MIXR sample: AGN activity versus star formation across the cross-correlation of WISE, 3XMM, and FIRST/NVSS
• The Lockman Hole project: LOFAR observations and spectral index properties of low-frequency radio sources
• A search for distant radio galaxies from SUMSS and NVSS: III. radio spectral energy distributions and the z-alpha correlation
• Radio galaxies in the 2SLAQ Luminous Red Galaxy Survey: I. The evolution of low-power radio galaxies to z~0.7
• A representative survey of the dynamics and energetics of FRII radio galaxies
• Radio observations of active galactic nuclei with mm-VLBI
• Remnant radio-loud AGN in the Herschel-ATLAS field
• Location of Gamma-ray emission and magnetic field strengths in OJ 287
• Mega parsec relativistic jets launched from an accreting supermassive blackhole in an extreme spiral galaxy
• Giant radio galaxies - II. Tracers of large-scale structure
• Radio Galaxy Zoo: A Search for Hybrid Morphology Radio Galaxies
• Deep low-frequency observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope: a search for relic radio emission
• Star Formation Rates for photometric samples of galaxies using machine learning methods
• Hard X-ray selected giant radio galaxies -- II. Morphological evidence of restarted radio activity
• A discovery of young radio sources in the cores of giant radio galaxies selected at hard X-rays
• Discovery of a new, 2.2 Mpc Giant Radio Galaxy at a redshift of 0.57
• The Magnetic Field and Polarization Properties of Radio Galaxies in Different Accretion States
• Radio Observations of the Hubble Deep Field South Region III: The 2.5, 5.2 and 8.7 GHz Catalogues and Radio Source Properties
• IGR J17488-2338: a newly discovered giant radio galaxy
• Radiation Pattern of Radio and Optical Components of Extended Radio Sources
• New Extended Radio Sources From the NVSS

Cited by in corpus (42)

• Accretion mode versus radio morphology in the LOFAR Deep Fields
• Measuring the giant radio galaxy length distribution with the LoTSS
• The discovery of a radio galaxy of at least 5 Mpc
• Radio observations of the merging galaxy cluster system Abell 3391-Abell 3395
• MIGHTEE: Are giant radio galaxies more common than we thought?
• On the Environments of Giant Radio Galaxies
• Constraining the giant radio galaxy population with machine learning and Bayesian inference
• Giant radio quasars: sample and basic properties
• A Quick Look at the 3GHz Radio Sky. II. Hunting for DRAGNs in the VLA Sky Survey
• Modelling X-shaped Radio Galaxies: Dynamical and Emission Signatures from the Back-flow model
• Giant radio galaxies in the LoTSS Boötes deep field
• Do Radio Active Galactic Nuclei Reflect X-ray Binary Spectral States?
• Dynamical Modelling and Emission Signatures of a Candidate Dual AGN with Precessing Radio Jets
• SAGAN -- III: New insights into giant radio quasars
• Hard X-ray selected giant radio galaxies -- III. The LOFAR view
• A giant radio galaxy with three cycles of episodic jet activity from LoTSS DR2
• SAGAN-II : Molecular gas content of giant radio galaxies
• GMRT unveils steep-spectrum antique filaments in the galaxy cluster Abell 725
• Search and analysis of giant radio galaxies with associated nuclei (SAGAN) IV. Interplay with the Supercluster environment
• Multifrequency study of a double-double radio galaxy J0028+0035
• Barbell-shaped giant radio galaxy with ~100 kpc kink in the jet
• Search and analysis of giant radio galaxies with associated nuclei (SAGAN) V. Study of giant double-double radio galaxies from LoTSS DR2
• An intergalactic medium temperature from a giant radio galaxy
• Soft gamma-ray selected giant radio galaxies: an update
• Finding AGN remnant candidates based on radio morphology with machine learning
• Revealing the Unusual Structure of the KAT-7-Discovered Giant Radio Galaxy J0133$-$1302
• AGN feedback in an infant galaxy cluster: the LOFAR-Chandra view of the giant FRII radio galaxy J103025+052430 at z=1.7
• J0011+3217: A peculiar radio galaxy with a one-sided secondary lobe and misaligned giant primary lobes
• The twisted jets and magnetic fields of the extended radio galaxy 4C 70.19
• Revisiting the Giant Radio Galaxy ESO 422-G028: Part I. Discovery of a neutral inflow and recent star formation in a restarted giant
• Discovery of X-shaped Morphology of the Giant Radio Galaxy GRG 0503-286
• A new distant Giant Radio Galaxy in the Boötes field serendipitously detected by Chandra
• SAGAN-VI: When Jets Meet Filaments -- Environmental Imprints on the Growth of Giant Radio Galaxies
• Formation of giant radio sources in galaxy clusters
• A Machine Learning made Catalog of FR-II Radio Galaxies from the FIRST Survey
• Optical variability of eight FRII-type quasars with 13-yr photometric light curves
• What is Inside the Double-Double Structure of the Radio Galaxy J0028+0035?
• Radio Galaxy Zoo: Giant Radio Galaxy Classification using Multi-Domain Deep Learning
• Discovery of 178 Giant Radio Galaxies in 1059 deg${}^2$ of the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey at 888 MHz
• Investigating the origin of X-ray jets: A case study of four hybrid morphology MOJAVE blazars
• Probing AGN duty cycle and cluster-driven morphology in a giant episodic radio galaxy
• Giant radio quasars: composite optical spectra