EMPRESS. III. Morphology, Stellar Population, and Dynamics of Extremely Metal Poor Galaxies (EMPGs): Are EMPGs Local Analogs of High-$z$ Young Galaxies?

Abstract

We present the morphology and stellar population of 27 extremely metal poor galaxies (EMPGs) at $z\sim 0$ with metallicities of 0.01--0.1 Z${}_{\odot }$. We conduct multi-component surface brightness (SB) profile fitting for the deep Subaru/HSC $i$-band images of the EMPGs with the {\sc Galfit} software, carefully removing the SB contributions of tails. We find that the EMPGs with a median stellar mass of $\log (M_{\ast }/{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot })=6.0$ have a median S{é}rsic index of $n=1.1$ and a median effective radius of $r_{\mathrm{e}}=200$ pc, suggesting that typical EMPGs have very compact disk. We compare the EMPGs with $z\sim 6$ galaxies and local galaxies on the size-mass ($r_{\mathrm{e}}$-$M_{\ast }$) diagram, and identify that the majority of the EMPGs have a $r_{\mathrm{e}}$-$M_{\ast }$ relation similar to $z\sim 0$ star-forming galaxies rather than $z\sim 6$ galaxies. Not every EMPG is a local analog of high-$z$ young galaxies in the $r_{\mathrm{e}}$-$M_{\ast }$ relation. A spectrum of one pair of EMPG and tail, so far available, indicates that the tail is dynamically related to the EMPG with a median velocity difference of $\Delta V=101\pm 32$ km s${}^{-1}$. This moderately-large $\Delta V$ cannot be explained by the dynamics of the tail, but likely by the infall on the tail. For the first time, we may identify the metal-poor star-forming system just now infalling into the tail.

arXiv commentApJ in Press

References in corpus (62)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Star Formation in Galaxies Along the Hubble Sequence
• Starburst99: Synthesis Models for Galaxies with Active Star Formation
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• The Origin of the Mass--Metallicity Relation: Insights from 53,000 Star-Forming Galaxies in the SDSS
• The physical properties of star forming galaxies in the low redshift universe
• The observed properties of dwarf galaxies in and around the Local Group
• A Simple Model for the Absorption of Starlight by Dust in Galaxies
• The Dependence of Star Formation History and Internal Structure on Stellar Mass for 10^5 Low-Redshift Galaxies
• 3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since $z=3$
• The Circumgalactic Medium
• A concise reference to (projected) Sersic R^{1/n} quantities, including Concentration, Profile Slopes, Petrosian indices, and Kron Magnitudes
• Forty-Seven Milky Way-Sized, Extremely Diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• Second Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• The Star Formation Histories of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies I. Hubble Space Telescope / Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 Observations
• Modelling and interpreting spectral energy distributions of galaxies with BEAGLE
• The most metal-poor galaxies
• Smooth(er) Stellar Mass Maps in CANDELS: Constraints on the Longevity of Clumps in High-redshift Star-forming Galaxies
• Modelling the nebular emission from primeval to present-day star-forming galaxies
• Low-redshift Lyman continuum leaking galaxies with high [OIII]/[OII] ratios
• NIHAO XI: Formation of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies by outflows
• Spectroscopic detection of CIV in a galaxy at z=7.045: Implications for the ionizing spectra of reionization-era galaxies
• Ultraviolet Emission Lines in Young Low Mass Galaxies at z~2: Physical Properties and Implications for Studies at z>7
• Great Optically Luminous Dropout Research Using Subaru HSC (GOLDRUSH). I. UV Luminosity Functions at $z\sim 4-7$ Derived with the Half-Million Dropouts on the 100 deg${}^2$ Sky
• The Star Formation Main Sequence in the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields
• The AIMSS Project I: Bridging the Star Cluster - Galaxy Divide
• The Birth of a Galaxy. II. The Role of Radiation Pressure
• Illuminating Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
• Outside-in Shrinking of the Star-forming Disk of Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
• The Chemical Evolution of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Metal-Poor Dwarf Galaxies
• ALFALFA Discovery of the Nearby Gas-Rich Dwarf Galaxy Leo~P. III. An Extremely Metal Deficient Galaxy
• Gravitationally Lensed Galaxies at 2<z<3.5: Direct Abundance Measurements of Lya Emitters
• Evidence for a Hard Ionizing Spectrum from a z=6.11 Stellar Population
• Hunting for extremely metal-poor emission-line galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: MMT and 3.5m APO observations
• The stellar-to-halo mass relation for Local Group galaxies
• The Low Mass End of the Fundamental Relation for Gravitationally Lensed Star Forming Galaxies at 1<z<6
• Study of DDO 68: nearest candidate for a young galaxy?
• Localized starbursts in dwarf galaxies produced by impact of low metallicity cosmic gas clouds
• SBS 0335-052E+W: deep VLT/FORS+UVES spectroscopy of the pair of the lowest-metallicity blue compact dwarf galaxies
• ALFALFA Discovery of the Most Metal-Poor Gas-Rich Galaxy Known: AGC 198691
• Systematic search for extremely metal poor galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Observational Properties of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in the Field: Field-UDGs are Predominantly Blue and Starforming
• Automatic unsupervised classification of all SDSS/DR7 galaxy spectra
• Halo mass estimates from the Globular Cluster populations of 175 Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster
• Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: morphologies and sizes
• Extremely Metal-Poor Representatives Explored by the Subaru Survey (EMPRESS). I. A Successful Machine Learning Selection of Metal-Poor Galaxies and the Discovery of a Galaxy with M*<10^6 M_sun and 0.016 Z_sun
• Early Low-Mass Galaxies and Star-Cluster Candidates at z~6-9 Identified by the Gravitational Lensing Technique and Deep Optical/Near-Infrared Imaging
• Local tadpole galaxies: dynamics and metallicity
• Search for Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (II): high electron temperature objects
• Low-redshift compact star-forming galaxies as analogues of high-redshift star-forming galaxies
• Massive Clumps in Local Galaxies: Comparisons with High-Redshift Clumps
• Illuminating gas in-/outflows in the MUSE deepest fields: discovery of Ly-alpha nebulae around forming galaxies at z~3.3
• Searching for metal-deficient emission-line galaxy candidates: the final sample of the SDSS DR12 galaxies
• J1234+3901: an extremely metal-deficient compact star-forming dwarf galaxy at redshift 0.133
• Local Tadpole Galaxies
• Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies: The Environment
• The Little Cub: Discovery of an Extremely Metal-Poor Star-Forming Galaxy in the Local Universe
• Kinematics of Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies: Evidence for Stellar Feedback
• Constraining dark matter annihilation with HSC Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• Structural Parameters for 10 Halo Globular Clusters in M33

Cited by in corpus (14)

• EMPRESS. VIII. A New Determination of Primordial He Abundance with Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies: A Suggestion of the Lepton Asymmetry and Implications for the Hubble Tension
• EMPRESS. V. Metallicity Diagnostics of Galaxies over 12+log(O/H)=~6.9-8.9 Established by a Local Galaxy Census: Preparing for JWST Spectroscopy
• Morphologies of Galaxies at $z\gtrsim 9$ Uncovered by JWST/NIRCam Imaging: Cosmic Size Evolution and an Identification of an Extremely Compact Bright Galaxy at $z\sim 12$
• EMPRESS. IV. Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies (EMPGs) Including Very Low-Mass Primordial Systems with M*=10^4--10^5 M_sun and 2--3% (O/H)_sun: High (Fe/O) Suggestive of Metal Enrichment by Hypernovae/Pair-Instability Supernovae
• EMPRESS. VII. Ionizing Spectrum Shapes of Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies: Uncovering the Origins of Strong HeII and the Impact on Cosmic Reionization
• The impact of very massive stars on the chemical evolution of extremely metal-poor galaxies
• EMPRESS. VI. Outflows Investigated in Low-Mass Galaxies with $M_{\ast }=10^4-10^7{M}_{\odot }$: Weak Feedback in Low-Mass Galaxies?
• The $z\lesssim 1$ drop of cosmic dust abundance in a semi-analytic framework
• EMPRESS. XI. SDSS and JWST Search for Local and z~4-5 Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies (EMPGs): Clustering and Chemical Properties of Local EMPGs
• The MOSDEF Survey: The Dependence of H$\alpha$-to-UV SFR Ratios on SFR and Size at $z\sim 2$
• EMPRESS. XII. Statistics on the Dynamics and Gas Mass Fraction of Extremely-Metal Poor Galaxies
• Low-luminosity galaxies in the early universe have observed sizes similar to star cluster complexes
• Subaru/FOCAS IFU revealed the metallicity gradient of a local extremely metal-poor galaxy
• Extreme Metallicity Dwarf Galaxies in IllustrisTNG