Toward a unified equation of state for multi-messenger astronomy

Abstract

We present a first step in developing a benchmark equation-of-state (EoS) model for multi-messenger astronomy that unifies the thermodynamics of quark and hadronic degrees of freedom. A Lagrangian approach to the thermodynamic potential of quark-meson-nucleon (QMN) matter was used. In this approach, dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking is described by the scalar mean-field dynamics coupled to quarks and nucleons and their chiral partners, whereby its restoration occurs in the hadronic phase by parity doubling, as well as in the quark phase. Quark confinement was achieved by an auxiliary scalar field that parametrizes a dynamical infrared cutoff in the quark sector, serving as an ultraviolet cutoff for the nucleonic phase space. The gap equations were solved for the isospin-symmetric case, as well as for neutron star (NS) conditions. We also calculated the mass-radius (MR) relation of NSs and their tidal deformability parameter. The obtained EoS is in accordance with nuclear matter properties at saturation density and with the flow constraint from heavy ion collision experiments. For isospin-asymmetric matter, a sequential occurrence of light quark flavors is obtained, allowing for a mixed phase of chirally-symmetric nucleonic matter with deconfined down quarks. The MR relations and TDs for compact stars fulfill the constraints from the latest astrophysical observations for PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0030+0451, and the NS merger GW170817, whereby the tension between the maximum mass and compactness constraints rather uniquely fixes the model parameters. The model predicts the existence of stars with a core of chirally restored but purely hadronic (confined) matter for masses beyond $1.8M_{\odot }$. Stars with pure-quark matter cores are found to be unstable against the gravitational collapse. This instability is shifted to even higher densities if repulsive interactions between quarks are included.

arXiv commentversion accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (109)

• Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star
• A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
• GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State
• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
• A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation
• GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass $\sim 3.4M_{\odot }$
• Relativistic Shapiro delay measurements of an extremely massive millisecond pulsar
• Determination of the Equation of State of Dense Matter
• Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars
• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• Equations of state for supernovae and compact stars
• Tidal deformability of neutron stars with realistic equations of state and their gravitational wave signatures in binary inspiral
• Chiral effective model with the Polyakov loop
• Phases of QCD: lattice thermodynamics and a field theoretical model
• Relativistic tidal properties of neutron stars
• Constraints on a phenomenologically parameterized neutron-star equation of state
• Equation of state and neutron star properties constrained by nuclear physics and observation
• Relativistic theory of tidal Love numbers
• The NANOGrav Nine-year Data Set: Mass and Geometric Measurements of Binary Millisecond Pulsars
• Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials
• The Phase Structure of the Polyakov--Quark-Meson Model
• Polyakov loop, diquarks and the two-flavour phase diagram
• I-Love-Q Relations in Neutron Stars and their Applications to Astrophysics, Gravitational Waves and Fundamental Physics
• Phase diagrams in the three-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with the Polyakov loop
• Generic conditions for stable hybrid stars
• Identifying a first-order phase transition in neutron star mergers through gravitational waves
• Fluctuations of conserved charges at finite temperature from lattice QCD
• Fluctuations and Correlations of net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness: A comparison of lattice QCD results with the hadron resonance gas model
• Constraining the neutron-proton effective mass splitting using empirical constraints on the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy around normal density
• EXO 0748-676 Rules out Soft Equations of State for Neutron Star Matter
• Quarkyonic Matter and Neutron Stars
• Chiral Phase Transition within Effective Models with Constituent Quarks
• Probing freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions with moments of charge fluctuations
• Phase diagram of hot QCD in an external magnetic field: possible splitting of deconfinement and chiral transitions
• Susceptibilities and the Phase Structure of a Chiral Model with Polyakov Loops
• Hadronic fluctuations at the QCD phase transition
• The phase structure of the Polyakov--quark-meson model beyond mean field
• Quark matter in compact stars?
• A new quark-hadron hybrid equation of state for astrophysics - I. High-mass twin compact stars
• Implications from GW170817 and I-Love-Q relations for relativistic hybrid stars
• Hadron Production in Ultra-relativistic Nuclear Collisions: Quarkyonic Matter and a Triple Point in the Phase Diagram of QCD
• Neutron matter from chiral effective field theory interactions
• Hadron-Quark Crossover and Massive Hybrid Stars with Strangeness
• Compact stars with sequential QCD phase transitions
• A Novel Approach to Model Hybrid Stars
• Chiral Symmetry of Baryons
• Skewness, kurtosis and the 5th and 6th order cumulants of net baryon-number distributions from lattice QCD confront high-statistics STAR data
• Modern compact star observations and the quark matter equation of state
• Abelian anomaly and neutral pion production
• The renormalization group and quark number fluctuations in the Polyakov loop extended quark-meson model at finite baryon density
• Implications of the measurement of pulsars with two solar masses for quark matter in compact stars and HIC. A NJL model case study
• pi- and rho-mesons, and their diquark partners, from a contact interaction
• Chiral and Color-superconducting Phase Transitions with Vector Interaction in a Simple Model
• Chiral and Color-superconducting Phase Transitions with Vector Interaction in a Simple Model (Addenda)
• Meson fluctuations and thermodynamics of the Polyakov loop extended quark-meson model
• Quarkyonic Matter and Chiral Symmetry Breaking
• Baryons and the phase diagram for a large number of colors and flavors
• Quark deconfinement as supernova explosion engine for massive blue-supergiant stars
• Interacting hadron resonance gas meets lattice QCD
• Role of Vector Interaction and Axial Anomaly in the PNJL Modeling of the QCD Phase Diagram
• Quark deconfinement in high-mass neutron stars
• The hadronic SU(3) Parity Doublet Model for Dense Matter, its extension to quarks and the strange equation of state
• Vector interaction enhanced bag model for astrophysical applications
• Third family of compact stars within a nonlocal chiral quark model equation of state
• Constraining and applying a generic high-density equation of state
• The Puzzles of RX J1856.5-3754: Neutron Star or Quark Star?
• An effective chiral Hadron-Quark Equation of State
• Light baryons below and above the deconfinement transition: medium effects and parity doubling
• Cold, dense nuclear matter in a SU(2) parity doublet model
• Quark Number Fluctuations in a Chiral Model at Finite Baryon Chemical Potential
• Quark-Nuclear Hybrid EoS with Excluded Volume Effects
• Dynamical Derivation of the Momentum Space Shell Structure for Quarkyonic Matter
• Equation of state for hot QCD and compact stars from a mean field approach
• Chiral Symmetry Realization for Even- and Odd-parity Baryon Resonances
• Asymmetric nuclear matter in a parity doublet model with hidden local symmetry
• High-mass twin stars with a multi-polytrope EoS
• Nucleons and parity doubling across the deconfinement transition
• Quark-hybrid matter in the cores of massive neutron stars
• Thermodynamics of dense hadronic matter in a parity doublet model
• Hybrid Stars in an SU(3) Parity Doublet Model
• Hybrid stars in the light of the massive pulsar PSR J1614-2230
• Core-collapse Supernova Explosions Driven by the Hadron-quark Phase Transition as a Rare $r$-process Site
• Hyperons in thermal QCD: A lattice view
• Relativistic hypernuclear compact stars with calibrated equations of state
• Higher-order baryon number susceptibilities: interplay between the chiral and the nuclear liquid-gas transitions
• Chiral symmetry restoration by parity doubling and the structure of neutron stars
• An effective model for the QCD phase transitions at finite baryon density
• Order parameters and color-flavor center symmetry in QCD
• Nucleons, Nuclear Matter and Quark Matter: A unified NJL approach
• Equation-of-state Constraints and the QCD Phase Transition in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy
• First-order phase transition from hypernuclear matter to deconfined quark matter obeying new constraints from compact star observations
• QCD on a small circle
• Chiral Mirror-Baryon-Meson Model and Nuclear Matter beyond Mean-Field
• The application of the Quark-Hadron Chiral Parity-Doublet Model to neutron star matter
• Sequential deconfinement of quark flavors in neutron stars
• Quark and Nuclear Matter in the Linear Chiral Meson Model
• Tidal deformations of hybrid stars with sharp phase transitions and elastic crusts
• Constraint to chiral invariant masses of nucleons from GW170817 in an extended parity doublet model
• Parity Doubling and the Dense Matter Phase Diagram under Constraints from Multi-Messenger Astronomy
• Net-baryon number fluctuations in the Hybrid Quark-Meson-Nucleon model at finite density
• Simultaneous chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement - Consequences for the QCD phase diagram
• Chirally improved quark Pauli blocking in nuclear matter and applications to quark deconfinement in neutron stars
• Neutron star mass limit at $2M_{\odot }$ supports the existence of a CEP
• Casimir effect for nucleon parity doublets
• QCD at high density: Equation of state for nuclear collisions and neutron stars
• Towards a new quark-nuclear matter EoS for applications in astrophysics and heavy-ion collisions
• Consequences of simultaneous chiral symmetry breaking and deconfinement for the isospin symmetric phase diagram
• Unifying Nucleon and Quark Dynamics at Finite Baryon Number Density

Cited by in corpus (26)

• GW190814 as a massive rapidly-rotating neutron star with exotic degrees of freedom
• Was GW170817 a canonical neutron star merger? Bayesian analysis with a third family of compact stars
• Maximum mass of compact stars from gravitational wave events with finite-temperature equations of state
• Quark-hadron crossover equations of state for neutron stars: constraining the chiral invariant mass in a parity doublet model
• Constraining hadron-quark phase transition parameters within the quark-mean-field model using multimessenger observations of neutron stars
• Phenomenological quark-hadron equations of state with first-order phase transitions for astrophysical applications
• Remarks on nuclear matter: how an ${\omega }_0$ condensate can spike the speed of sound, and a model of $Z(3)$ baryons
• Excluded-volume model for quarkyonic matter II: Three-flavor shell-like distribution of baryons in phase space
• Chiral symmetry restoration and the $\Delta$ matter formation in neutron stars
• Reconciling multi-messenger constraints with chiral symmetry restoration
• Chiral condensates for neutron stars in hadron-quark crossover: from a parity doublet nucleon model to an NJL quark model
• Impacts of anomaly on nuclear and neutron star equation of state based on a parity doublet model
• Neutron star matter based on a parity doublet model including the $a_0(980)$ meson
• Neutron star properties with careful parameterization in the (axial)vector meson extended linear sigma model
• Hybrid Equations of State for Neutron Stars with Hyperons and Deltas
• Fluctuations near the liquid-gas and chiral phase transitions in hadronic matter
• Fluctuations and correlations of baryonic chiral partners
• New equation of state involving Bose-Einstein condensate of antikaon for supernova and neutron star merger simulations
• Modern nuclear and astrophysical constraints of dense matter in a renormalized chiral approach
• Hybrid stars with large quark cores within the parity doublet model and modified NJL model
• Interplay between chiral dynamics and repulsive interactions
• Anatomy of critical fluctuations in hadronic matter
• Optimized Statistical Approach for Comparing Multi-Messenger Neutron Star Data
• Emergent chirality and superfluidity of parity-doubled baryons in neutron stars
• Chiral restoration of strange baryons
• Parity-doubled nucleons can rapidly cool neutron stars