Connection Between Galaxies and HI in the Circumgalactic and Intergalactic Media: Variation According to Galaxy Stellar Mass and Star-formation Activity

Abstract

This paper systematically investigates comoving Mpc scale intergalactic medium (IGM) environment around galaxies traced by the Ly$\alpha$ forest. Using our cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the IGM-galaxy connection at $z=2$ by two methods: (I) cross-correlation analysis between galaxies and the fluctuation of Ly$\alpha$ forest transmission (${\delta }_{\text{F}}$); and (II) comparing the overdensity of neutral hydrogen (HI) and galaxies. Our simulations reproduce observed cross-correlation functions (CCF) between Ly$\alpha$ forest and Lyman-break galaxies. We further investigate the variation of the CCF using subsamples divided by dark matter halo mass ($M_{\text{DH}}$), galaxy stellar mass ($M_{\star }$), and star-formation rate (SFR), and find that the CCF signal becomes stronger with increasing $M_{\text{DH}}$, $M_{\star }$, and SFR. The CCFs between galaxies and gas-density fluctuation are also found to have similar trends. Therefore, the variation of the ${\delta }_{\text{F}}$-CCF depending on $M_{\text{DH}}$, $M_{\star }$, and SFR is due to varying gas density around galaxies. We find that the correlation between galaxies and the IGM HI distribution strongly depends on $M_{\text{DH}}$ as expected from the linear theory. Our results support the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm, finding a spatial correlation between galaxies and IGM HI, with more massive galaxies being clustered in higher-density regions.

21 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication on ApJ

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