X-CIGALE: fitting AGN/galaxy SEDs from X-ray to infrared

Abstract

CIGALE is a powerful multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code for extragalactic studies. However, the current version of CIGALE is not able to fit X-ray data, which often provide unique insights into AGN intrinsic power. We develop a new X-ray module for CIGALE, allowing it to fit SEDs from the X-ray to infrared (IR). We also improve the AGN fitting of CIGALE from UV-to-IR wavelengths. We implement a modern clumpy two-phase torus model, SKIRTOR. To account for moderately extincted type 1 AGNs, we implement polar-dust extinction. We publicly release the source code (named X-CIGALE). We test X-CIGALE with X-ray detected AGNs in SDSS, COSMOS, and AKARI-NEP. The fitting quality (as indicated by reduced ${\chi }^2$) is good in general, indicating that X-CIGALE is capable of modelling the observed SED from X-ray to IR. We discuss constrainability and degeneracy of model parameters in the fitting of AKARI-NEP, for which excellent mid-IR photometric coverage is available. We also test fitting a sample of AKARI-NEP galaxies for which only X-ray upper limits are available from Chandra observations, and find that the upper limit can effectively constrain the AGN SED contribution for some systems. Finally, using X-CIGALE, we assess the ability of Athena to constrain the AGN activity in future extragalactic studies.

Published in MNRAS. The source code is temporarily available at https://gitlab.lam.fr/gyang/cigale/tree/xray, but will be eventually integrated into CIGALE (https://cigale.lam.fr/) in its next release

References in corpus (24)

• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey - V. X-ray properties of the Swift/BAT 70-month AGN catalog
• The X-ray-to-Optical Properties of Optically-Selected Active Galaxies Over Wide Luminosity and Redshift Ranges
• The Chandra Deep Field-South Survey: 7 Ms Source Catalogs
• eROSITA Science Book: Mapping the Structure of the Energetic Universe
• The X-ray Properties of the Most-Luminous Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Photometric redshift and classification for the XMM-COSMOS sources
• Cosmic X-ray Surveys of Distant Active Galaxies: The Demographics, Physics, and Ecology of Growing Supermassive Black Holes
• SKIRT: an Advanced Dust Radiative Transfer Code with a User-Friendly Architecture
• A Significant Population of Very Luminous Dust-Obscured Galaxies at Redshift z ~ 2
• Constraining the properties of AGN host galaxies with Spectral Energy Distribution modeling
• Seyfert galaxies in the local Universe (z$\le$ 0.1): the average X-ray spectrum as seen by $BeppoSAX$
• Dissecting the active galactic nucleus in Circinus -- I. Peculiar mid-IR morphology explained by a dusty hollow cone
• Dissecting the active galactic nucleus in Circinus -- II. A thin dusty disc and a polar outflow on parsec scales
• Black-Hole Growth is Mainly Linked to Host-Galaxy Stellar Mass rather than Star Formation Rate
• The WISSH quasars Project: II. Giant star nurseries in hyper-luminous quasars
• The deepest X-ray view of high-redshift galaxies: constraints on low-rate black-hole accretion
• Long-Term X-ray Variability of Typical Active Galactic Nuclei in the Distant Universe
• The Host-Galaxy Properties of Type 1 Versus Type 2 Active Galactic Nuclei
• Evident black hole-bulge coevolution in the distant universe
• Heavy X-ray obscuration in the most-luminous galaxies discovered by WISE
• Chandra survey in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Deep Field. I. X-ray data, point-like source catalog, sensitivity maps, and number counts
• Dust attenuation up to z~2 in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Deep Field
• Anisotropic radiation from accretion disc-coronae in active galactic nuclei
• Galaxies of the $z\sim 2$ Universe. I. Grism-Selected Rest-Frame Optical Emission Line Galaxies

Cited by in corpus (10)

• The $L_{\mathrm{x}}$-$L_{\mathrm{uv}}$-$L_{\mathrm{radio}}$ relation and corona-disk-jet connection in optically selected radio-loud quasars
• CO excitation, molecular gas density and interstellar radiation field in local and high-redshift galaxies
• X-ray flux in the SED modelling: An application of X-CIGALE in the XMM-XXL field
• An obscured AGN population hidden in the VIPERS galaxies: identification through spectral energy distribution decomposition
• JWST/MIRI Simulated Imaging: Insights into Obscured Star-Formation and AGN for Distant Galaxies in Deep Surveys
• The post-Herschel view of intrinsic AGN emission: constructing templates for galaxy and AGN emission at IR wavelengths
• X-ray properties of dust-obscured galaxies with broad optical/UV emission lines
• Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution in Moderately Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei at z~1.4 in SXDF
• The Subarcsecond Mid-Infrared View of Local Active Galactic Nuclei. IV. The L- and M-band Imaging Atlas
• 2MASX J00423991+3017515: An offset active galactic nucleus in an interacting system