Time dependent solar modulation of cosmic rays from solar minimum to solar maximum

Abstract

We study the time-dependent modulation effect and derive the local interstellar spectra (LIS) for the cosmic ray (CR) proton, helium, boron and carbon. A two-dimensional modulation model including the variation of the interplanetary environment with time is adopted to describe modulation process. The propagation equation of CRs in the heliosphere is numerically solved by the package Solarprop. We derive the LIS by fitting the latest results of several experiments, including Voyager 1, PAMELA, BESS-POLARII and ACE, during low solar activity periods. We further study the modulation in the polarity reversal periods with the PAMELA proton data. We find that the rigidity dependence of the diffusion coefficient is critical to explain the modulation effect during reversal periods. Our results also indicate a power law relation between the diffusion coefficient and the magnitude of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) at the Earth.

arXiv comment23 pages,12 figures

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• Numerical modeling of cosmic rays in the heliosphere: Analysis of proton data from AMS-02 and PAMELA
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• Local interstellar spectra and solar modulation of cosmic ray electrons and positrons
• Can the Production Cross-Section Uncertainties Explain the Cosmic Fluorine Anomaly?
• Constraining the Charge-, Time- and Rigidity-Dependence of Cosmic-Ray Solar Modulation with AMS-02 Observations during Solar Cycle 24
• Modulation of cosmic ray anti-protons in the heliosphere: simulations for a solar cycle
• Constraining Time Dependent Dark Matter Signals from the Sun
• A forecasting framework for galactic cosmic ray flux in space weather applications
• Solar modulation of cosmic proton and helium with AMS-02
• First Observations of Solar Halo Gamma Rays Over a Full Solar Cycle