Propagation of Cosmic Rays in Heliosphere: the HelMod Model

Abstract

The heliospheric modulation model \helmod{} is a two dimensional treatment dealing with the helio-colatitude and radial distance from Sun and is employed to solve the transport-equation for the GCR propagation through the heliosphere down to Earth. This work presents the current version 3 of the \helmod{} model and reviews how main processes involved in GCR propagation were implemented.~The treatment includes the so-called particle drift effects --~e.g., those resulting, for instance, from the extension of the neutral current sheet inside the heliosphere and from the curvature and gradient of the IMF --, which affect the transport of particles entering the solar cavity as a function of their charge sign.~The \helmod{} model is capable to provide modulated spectra which well agree within the experimental errors with those measured by AMS-01, BESS, PAMELA and AMS-02 during the solar cycles 23 and 24.~Furthermore, the counting rate measured by Ulysses at +/- 80degree of solar latitude and 1 to 5\,AU was also found in agreement with that expected by \helmod{} code version 3.

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Cited by in corpus (28)

• Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum
• Scrutinizing the evidence for dark matter in cosmic-ray antiprotons
• Deciphering the local Interstellar spectra of secondary nuclei with GALPROP/HelMod framework and a hint for primary lithium in cosmic rays
• Deciphering the local Interstellar spectra of primary cosmic ray species with HelMod
• Evidence for a Time Lag in Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays
• Implications of Lithium to Oxygen AMS-02 spectra on our understanding of cosmic-ray diffusion
• Cosmic-ray database update: ultra-high energy, ultra-heavy, and anti-nuclei cosmic-ray data (CRDB v4.0)
• Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Inner Heliosphere over Solar Cycles
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• Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Inner Heliosphere, Comparing with PAMELA Measurements
• Investigating the dark matter signal in the cosmic ray antiproton flux with the machine learning method
• Galactic cosmic-ray model in the light of AMS-02 nuclei data
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• Time dependent solar modulation of cosmic rays from solar minimum to solar maximum
• Galactic Cosmic-Ray Propagation in the Inner Heliosphere: Improved Force-Field Model
• Deciphering Residual Emissions: Time-Dependent Models for the Non-Thermal Interstellar Radiation from the Milky Way
• Constraining dark matter annihilation with cosmic ray antiprotons using neural networks
• Reevaluation of the cosmic antideuteron flux from cosmic-ray interactions and from exotic sources
• Bayesian analysis of the hardening in AMS-02 nuclei spectra
• Solar modulation of AMS-02 daily proton and Helium fluxes with modified force field approximation models
• Propagation Times and Energy Losses of Cosmic Protons and Antiprotons in Interplanetary Space
• The HelMod Model in the Works for Inner and Outer Heliosphere: from AMS to Voyager Probes Observations
• Testing the consistency of proapgation between light and heavy cosmic ray nuclei
• Reanalysis of the Systematic Uncertainties in Cosmic-Ray Antiproton Flux
• Pre-flight Background Estimates for COSI
• The GALPROP Cosmic-ray Propagation and Non-thermal Emissions Framework: Release v57
• Solar modulation of cosmic proton and helium with AMS-02
• Analyzing Cosmic Ray Spectral Features: A Numerical Investigation