ALMA CO Observations of Supernova Remnant N63A in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Discovery of Dense Molecular Clouds Embedded within Shock-Ionized and Photoionized Nebulae

Abstract

We carried out new ${}^{12}$CO($J$ = 1-0, 3-2) observations of a N63A supernova remnant (SNR) from the LMC using ALMA and ASTE. We find three giant molecular clouds toward the northeast, east, and near the center of the SNR. Using the ALMA data, we spatially resolved clumpy molecular clouds embedded within the optical nebulae in both the shock-ionized and photoionized lobes discovered by previous H$\alpha$ and [S II] observations. The total mass of the molecular clouds is $\sim$$800$ $M_{\odot }$ for the shock-ionized region and $\sim$$1700$ $M_{\odot }$ for the photoionized region. Spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy reveals that the absorbing column densities toward the molecular clouds are $\sim$$1.5$-$6.0\times 10^{21}$ cm${}^{-2}$, which are $\sim$$1.5$-$15$ times less than the averaged interstellar proton column densities for each region. This means that the X-rays are produced not only behind the molecular clouds, but also in front of them. We conclude that the dense molecular clouds have been completely engulfed by the shock waves, but have still survived erosion owing to their high-density and short interacting time. The X-ray spectrum toward the gas clumps is well explained by an absorbed power-law or high-temperature plasma models in addition to the thermal plasma components, implying that the shock-cloud interaction is efficiently working for both the cases through the shock ionization and magnetic field amplification. If the hadronic gamma-ray is dominant in the GeV band, the total energy of cosmic-ray protons is calculated to be $\sim$$0.3$-$1.4\times 10^{49}$ erg with the estimated ISM proton density of $\sim$$190\pm 90$ cm${}^{-3}$, containing both the shock-ionized gas and neutral atomic hydrogen.

arXiv comment18 pages, 4 tables, 8 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)

References in corpus (53)

• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• The MAPPINGS III Library of Fast Radiative Shock Models
• A detailed spectral and morphological study of the gamma-ray supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946 with H.E.S.S
• The Second Survey of the Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud by NANTEN. II. Star Formation
• The Second Survey of the Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud by NANTEN I: Catalog of Molecular Clouds
• Toward Understanding the Cosmic-ray Acceleration at Young Supernova Remnants Interacting with Interstellar Clouds: Possible Applications to RX J1713.7-3946
• ASCA X-Ray Spectroscopy of LMC Supernova Remnants and the Metal Abundances of the LMC
• Turbulence and Magnetic Field Amplification in Supernova Remnants: Interactions Between A Strong Shock Wave and Multi-Phase Interstellar Medium
• Discriminating the Progenitor Type of Supernova Remnants with Iron K-Shell Emission
• Stochastic Particle Acceleration in Multiple Magnetic Islands during Reconnection
• The population of X-ray supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A Detailed Study of the Molecular and Atomic Gas Toward the γ-ray SNR RX J1713.7-3946: Spatial TeV γ-ray and ISM Gas Correspondence
• Statistical Analysis of Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• H.E.S.S. observations of RX J1713.7-3946 with improved angular and spectral resolution; evidence for gamma-ray emission extending beyond the X-ray emitting shell
• Formation of the Young Massive Cluster R136 triggered by Tidally-driven Colliding HI Flows
• Star Forming Dense Cloud Cores in the TeV γ-ray SNR RX J1713.7-3946
• An X-Ray Study of Supernova Remnant N49 and Soft Gamma-Ray Repeater 0526-66 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Nonlinear Particle Acceleration at Reverse Shocks in Supernova Remnants
• Deeper H.E.S.S. observations of Vela Junior (RX J0852.0$-$4622): Morphology studies and resolved spectroscopy
• Non-thermal X-rays and interstellar gas toward the γ-ray supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946: Evidence for X-ray enhancement around CO and HI clumps
• Revealing New Physical Structures in the Supernova Remnant N63A through Chandra Imaging Spectroscopy
• A detailed study of non-thermal X-ray properties and interstellar gas toward the γ-ray supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946
• X-Ray Emission from Multi-Phase Shock in the Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant N49
• Interstellar protons in the TeV gamma-ray SNR HESS J1731-347:Possible evidence for the coexistence of hadronic and leptonic gamma-rays
• Formation of the active star forming region LHA 120-N 44 triggered by tidally-driven colliding HI flows
• A detailed study of the interstellar protons toward the TeV $\gamma$-ray SNR RX J0852.0$-$4622 (G266.2$-$1.2, Vela Jr.); a third case of the $\gamma$-rays and ISM spatial correspondence
• Supernova Remnants and Star Formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Supernova Remnants in the Magellanic Clouds. VII. Infrared Emission from SNRs
• Dense Clumps in Giant Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Density and Temperature Derived from ${}^{13}$CO($J=3-2$) Observations
• A multi-wavelength look at the young plerionic supernova remnant 0540-69.3
• Multi-frequency Study of the LMC Supernova Remnant (SNR) B0513-692 and New SNR Candidate J051327-6911
• Discovery of Molecular and Atomic Clouds Associated with the Magellanic Superbubble 30 Doradus C
• Multi-frequency observations of SNR J0453-6829 in the LMC; A composite supernova remnant with a pulsar wind nebula
• Suzaku Observation of the RCW86 Northeastern Shell
• Molecular Clouds associated with the Type Ia SNR N103B in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Detailed spectral and morphological analysis of the shell type SNR RCW 86
• Discovery of molecular and atomic clouds associated with the gamma-ray supernova remnant Kesteven 79
• Multi-frequency study of the Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant J0529-6653 near Pulsar B0529-66
• Multifrequency study of SNR J0533-7202, a new supernova remnant in the LMC
• Radio-continuum study of Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant J0509-6731
• Multi-frequency study of a new Fe-rich supernova remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud, MCSNR J0508-6902
• Multi-frequency study of Local Group Supernova Remnants The curious case of the Large Magellanic Cloud SNR J0528-6714
• Multifrequency Observations of One of the Largest Supernova Remnants in the Local Group of Galaxies, LMC - SNR J0450-709
• ALMA observations of supernova remnant N49 in the LMC: I. Discovery of CO clumps associated with X-ray and radio continuum shells
• Radio Continuum Study of Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud - SNR J0519-6926
• Multifrequency Radio Observations of a SNR in the LMC. The Case of SNR J0527-6549 (DEM l204)
• Radio-Continuum Observations Of Small, Radially Polarised Supernova Remnant J0519-6902 In The Large Magellanic Cloud
• A Spatially Resolved Study of X-ray Properties in Superbubble 30 Dor C with $XMM-Newton$
• Multifrequency radio observations of SNR J0536-6735 (N 59B) with associated pulsar
• Multi-frequency study of the newly confirmed supernova remnant MCSNR J0512-6707 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Minimum Spanning Tree cluster analysis of the LMC region above 10 GeV: detection of the SNRs N 49B and N 63A
• Radio-continuum study of MCSNR J0536-7038 (DEM L249)

Cited by in corpus (17)

• Radio Observations of Supernova Remnant G1.9+0.3
• ALMA CO Observations of the Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant W49B: Efficient Production of Recombining Plasma and Hadronic Gamma-rays via Shock-Cloud Interactions
• New Optically Identified Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• ALMA CO Observations of Gamma-Ray Supernova Remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Possible Evidence for Shocked Molecular Clouds Illuminated by Cosmic-Ray Protons
• The interstellar medium in young supernova remnants: key to the production of cosmic X-rays and $\gamma$-rays
• Discovery of Shocked Molecular Clouds Associated with the Shell-Type Supernova Remnant RX J0046.5$-$7308 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• An Expanding Shell of Neutral Hydrogen Associated with SN 1006: Hints for the Single-Degenerate Origin and Faint Hadronic Gamma-Rays
• Forbidden Line Emission from Type Ia Supernova Remnants Containing Balmer-Dominated Shells
• Near-infrared [FeII] and H2 line mapping of the supernova remnant IC443 with the IRSF/SIRIUS
• Molecular and Atomic Clouds Associated with the Gamma-Ray Supernova Remnant Puppis A
• Radio Emission from Interstellar Shocks: Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants and the Case of N 103B in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• ATCA Study of Small Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2-7219
• High energy gamma-ray detection of supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A Chandra X-ray Study of Supernova Remnant N63A in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A First-look at Spatially-resolved Infrared Supernova Remnants in M33 with JWST
• Can a single supernova remnant account for the gamma-ray emission of G106.3+2.7?
• Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray Study on the Core-collapse Supernova Remnant N63A in an H II Region